INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTION THAT
DEFINED SOCIETY
GROUP 3:

Sir. Ronel Galupo ALEXANDRA MAE CISNEROS

JOHN PAUL JARITO
Full-Time Instructor of CDLN – PAMBUJAN CLUSTER
CHERIE IRINCO
JOHN JACOB LUCBAN
 LESSON OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

• Analyze how scientific revolution is done in various

parts of the world like in Latin America, East Asia, Middle
East, and Africa.
 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE

• Development of Science In Meso-American

• Development of Science in Asia
– India
– China
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA
 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA
• It includes the entire area of Central America from Southern
Mexico up to the border of South America.

• Maya civilization lasted for approx. 2000 years.

• They incorporated their advanced understanding of astronomy

into their temples and other religious structures
EXAMPLE:

THE “EL CASTILLO PYRAMID AT CHICHEN ITZA” IS SITUATED AT THE

LOCATION OF THE SUN DURING THE SPRING AND FALL EQUINOXES
 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA
• Mayan knowledge and understanding about celestial bodies was advanced for their times.
– Predicting eclipse
– Using astrological cycles in planting and harvesting.
 THE MAYAN CALENDAR SYSTEM

• Mayan is known for measuring time using two complicated calendar systems.

• It is useful for their life especially in planning activities and observing religious
rituals and cultural celebration.
 THE MAYAN CALENDAR SYSTEM

The tzolk’in calendar combines twenty names with the thirteen

day numbers to produce 260 unique days. It is used to determine
the time of religious and ceremonial events and for divination. Each
successive day is numbered from 1 up to 13 and then starting again
at 1. Separately from this, every day is given a name in sequence
from a list of 20 day names:
TZOLK’IN
CALENDAR
 THE MAYAN CALENDAR SYSTEM

• The Haab’ was made up of eighteen months of twenty days each

plus a period of five days a the end of the year known as Wayeb’.
 HAAB’
CALENDAR
 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA: MAYAN CIVILIZATION

• Mayans also developed technology for growing different crops and

building elaborate cities using ordinary machineries and tools.

• Mayan built looms for weaving cloth.

• Devised rainbow of glittery paints made from mineral called MICA.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA: MAYAN CIVILIZATION

• Mayan Heiroglyphics – writing system of Mayan.

• Mayan are considered one of most scientifically advanced societies in mesoamerica.

• They are skilled in mathematics.

• Created number system based on the numeral 20.

• Developed the concept of zero and positional value eve before Roman did.
 INCA CIVILIZATION

• Famous in mesoamerica.
– Roads paved with stones.

– Stone building that surmounted earthquakes and other disasters.

– Irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crops to grow in all types of
land.
 INCA CIVILIZATION

• Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and prepare them for planting
season.
• The first suspension bridge.

• Quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts can interpret.

• Inca textiles since cloth was one of the specially prized artistic achievements
AZTEC CIVILIZATION

• Mandatory Education
• Chocolates
• Antispasmodic medication
• Chinampa
• Aztec calendar
• Invention of canoe
 MANDATORY EDUCATION

– The Aztec puts value on education is why their children are mandated to get education
regardless of their social class, gender, or age. It is an early form of universal or inclusive
education.
 CHOCOLATES

– The Aztec in Mexico developed chocolate during their time. In the Mayan culture, they
used it as currency. The Aztec valued the cacao beans highly and made it as part of their
tribute to their gods.
 ANTISPASMODIC MEDICATION

– They used a type of antispasmodic medication that could prevent muscle spasms and
relax muscles, which could help during surgery.
 CHINAMPA

– It is a form of Aztec technology for agricultural farming in which the land was divided into
rectangular areas and surrounded by canals.
 AZTEC CALENDAR

– This enabled them to plan their activities, rituals, and planting season.
 INVENTION OF THE CANOE

– A light narrow boat used for traveling in water systems.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA

• The biggest continent in the world.

• Considered as the home of many ancient civilization

• The host of many cultural. Economic, scientific, and political activities of all ages.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:
INDIA

• A huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies of water and fortified by huge mountains in
its northern boarders.

•Known for manufacturing of iron and in metallurgical works.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:
INDIA

• Famous in medicine e.g. AYURVEDA.

• AYURVEDA – a system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before

2500 BC.

• Susruta Samhita
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:
INDIA

• Spherical self-supporting earth

• Year of 360 days with 12 equal parts of 30 days each.

• Siddhanta Shiromani – the interest in astronomy was evident in this book.

 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:
INDIA

• Indus Valley Civilization

– The people in this civilization tried to standardize measurement of length to a high degree
of accuracy and a designed ruler. (Mohenjodaro Ruler)

• ARYABHATIYA
– Introduced a number of trigonometric functions, tables, and techniques as well as
algorithms of algebra.
 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:
INDIA
• ARYABHATA
– First of the major first of the major mathematician-
astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and
Indian astronomy.
– Aryabhatiya:
• place value system
• Approximation of
• Trigonometry
– Solar and lunar eclipses were scientifically explained by Aryabhata.
He states that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:
INDIA
• BRAHMAGUPTA
– Brahmasphutasiddhanta

– Defined the properties of the number zero,

both as a placeholder and a decimal digit

– Suggested that gravity was a force of attraction.

 CHINA

• China is one of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in

many areas of life like medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts,
philosophy, and music, among others. Chinese civilizations have greatly
influenced many of its neighbor countries like Korea, Japan, Philippines,
Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, and other countries that belong to
the old Silk Road.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:
CHINA

• Traditional Medicine – acupuncture

• Compass, papermaking, gunpowder, printing tools.

• Astronomy-heavenly bodies, Lunar calendars

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:
CHINA

ACUPUNCTURE
EARLY
 • Compass
• Gunpowder
• Paper making
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:

• Printing
CHINA
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA:

Astronomy-heavenly
bodies, Lunar
calendars
CHINA
That’s all!
Thank you and God
bless us all!