INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTION THAT
DEFINED SOCIETY
(MIDDLE EAST, AFRICA)
GROUP 4:
SIERVO, SANTA CECILIA JESSICA B.
GALUPO, MA. DIGNA R.
MENDOSA, JESSABELL ROSE G.
MEJOS, VINCENT JERRY B.
MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES

The middle East countries are dominantly occupied by

muslim with the spread of muslim in the 7th and 8th
centuries, a period of muslim scholarship or what is called
the Golden Age of islam lasted until the 13th century.
• The common language of Arabic, access to Greek texts from the Byzantine Empire, and their proximity to
indian were contributury to the intellectualization of the muslim's and provided their scholars knowledge
to create innovations and develop new idea.
• Greek's,muslim scientists placed greater value on science experiments rather than plain-thougth
experiment.
• This led to the development of the scientific method in the muslim world , and made significant
improvements by using experiments to distinguish between competing scientific theories set with
generally empirical orientation.
• A Muslim scientist named I bn Al-Haytham is also regarded as the father of optics especially for his
empirical proof of the intromissoin theory of light.
WHO WAS IBN SINA WHO CONTRIBUTE TO
THE FIIELD OF MUSLIM?
• He was one of the first doctors to link disease with mental health and used this method to prevent and treat depression in patients.
In his many books , Avicenna comphasized an important diet. He evaluated the uses of several plants and lots of his herbal.
• His two most notable works in medicine , the book of healing and The canon of medicine, were used as standard medicinal texts
in both the muslim world and in Europe during 17th century.
• Among his many contributes are the discovery of the contagious nature of infections disease and the introduction of clinical
pharmacology (craig and walter 2000).
• There are numerous muslim scholars who made significant contributions in the field of,
>science
>mathematics
>astronomy
>pholosophy even in the field of social science
 DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN AFRICA

• African is blessed with natural and mineral resources , science also emerge in this part of the plane
long before the European colonize it.
• The history of science and mathematics that similar to other ancient civilizations, the early
civilization in Africa are knowledge producers, too.
• The ancient Egyptian civilization has contributed immensely and made significant advances in the
field of astronomy, mathematics and medicine.
For example:
The development of geometry was a product of necessity to preserve the layout and
ownership of farmlands of the Egyptians.
• The rules of geometry were developed and used it buld rectilinear structures, the the post
of lintel architecture of Egypt.
• The early science activities in Egypt were developed to improve the quality of life of the
Egyptians especially in building their early homes and cities.
• The great structure of Egyptians pyramids and the early dams built to divert water from
the nile river.
• Egypt was known to be a center of alchemy, whch as the medical forerunner of chemistry.
• They tried to study human anatomy and pharmacology and applied important components
such as examination diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for the treatment of the disease.

• Astronomy was also famous in the African region.

• Three types calendars;
> Lunar
> solar
> stellar
• Metallurgy was also know in the African region during the ancient time. North Africa and the
nile valley imported iron technology from the Near East region that enable them to benefit
from the development during the Bronze Age until the Iron Age.
Metallurgy - they invented metal tools uesd in their homes in agriculture an in building their
magnificent architectures
• Mathematics was also known to be prominent in the life of early people in the African
continent.
• Ancient Egyptians are good in their four fundamental mathematical operations and other
mathematical skills.
• The have knowledge of the basic concepts of algebra and geometry.
• The islamic regions in the Africa during the medieval period was also benefiting from the
mathematical learning which is considered advanced during those times such as
algebra,geometry and trigonometry.
THANK YOU☺