Sound

In this chapter you should have:

● described how sounds are produced and how they travel;
● measured the speed of sound;
● described how the amplitude and frequency of a sound
wave are linked to its loudness and pitch;
● stated the range of human hearing;
● defined the term ‘ultrasound’ and described some of its
applications.
What causes sounds?

2
How does sound travel?

3
What can sound travel through?

4
Speed of sound

5
Seeing sound

6
Questions

Which letter shows the amplitude of a wave?

7
Questions

Describe two ways in which sound B is different from sound A.

8
 Light

In this chapter you should have:

● used the law of reflection of light to explain how an image
is formed in a plane mirror;
● constructed ray diagrams for reflection;
● investigated the refraction of light;
● drawn ray diagrams to show how lenses form images;
● described the difference between real and virtual images;
● described total internal reflection and how it is used;
● described how the visible spectrum is formed.
Ray diagrams

10
Mirror

11
Questions

A small lamp is placed 5 cm in front of a plane mirror.

Draw an accurate scale diagram, and use it to show
that the image of the lamp is 5 cm behind the mirror.

12
Questions

13
Questions

14
Questions

15
Periscope

16
Refraction

17
Refraction

18
Refractive index

19
Refractive index

20
Internal reflection

21
Total internal reflection

22
Critical angle

23
Types of lenses

24
Types of lenses

25
Converging lenses

26
Questions

Draw a ray diagram to find an image formed of a 3 cm

tall object placed 12 cm from a converging lens which
has a focal length of 5 cm.

27
Questions

28
Questions

29
Questions

30
Types of images: convex lens

31
Types of images: convex lens

32
Types of images: convex lens

33
Types of images: concave lens

34
Magnifying glasses

35
Normal sight

36
Short & distant sights

37
Short & distant sights

38
Dispersion

39
 Properties of waves

In this chapter you should have:

● described a wave in terms of speed, amplitude,
frequency and wavelength;
● identified differences between transverse and
longitudinal waves;
● calculated wave speed;
● described reflection and refraction of waves;
● described diffraction of waves.
Different waves

41
Properties

42
Properties

43
Properties

44
Properties

45
Properties

46
Transverse and longitudinal

47
Transverse and longitudinal

48
P- and S-waves in earthquakes

49
Transverse and longitudinal

50
Speed

51
Changing speed

52
Reflection of ripples

53
Wavefront

Wavefront is a line joining adjacent points on a wave

that are all in step with each other.

54
Reflection of ripples

55
Questions

56
Questions

57
Diffraction

58
Diffraction

59
Diffraction

60
Diffraction

Diffraction is greatest when the width of the gap

is equal to the wavelength of the waves being
diffracted. When the gap is much smaller than
the wavelength, the waves do not pass through at all.

61