ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY
School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials
Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
AUTOTRONICS AND VEHICLE INTELLIGENCE
Seminar Topics:-
Central Door locking,power windows and Sunroof
Name:- Jatema Abera
Id:- PGE/28441/15
 Introduction
• The central door locking, power windows and sunroof system have great role in safety and
comfort and the operation of each system is quite similar.
• Fundamentally systems operate using one or several permanent magnet motors, together with a
supply reversing circuit.
• When the switch is moved, one of the relays will operate and this changes the polarity of the
supply to one side of the motor.
• If the switch is moved the other way, then the polarity of the other side of the motor is changed.
• When at rest, both sides of the motor are at the same potential.
• This has the effect of regenerative braking so that when the motor stops it will do so instantly.
• Further refinements are used to enhance the operation of these systems.
• In the process, the simultaneous locking and unlocking is either actuated via one of the locks or by
remote control.
• The presence of power windows makes it easier for the driver to access the controls.
• All the windows can be locked with the help of a single switch.
• These windows are easier to open and close and make it safer for the passengers.
• Due to the pressure difference between the air flowing inside and outside the car, the fresh air
comes inside the car and the air accumulated inside the car exits via sunroof.
• way of Safe Escape, If you are unable to depart through the doors in case of any accident, the
sunroof might assist you in getting out.
 1 Central Door locking
• Is a locking system in a vehicle by which all doors lock at the same time when the driver's door is
locked.
• Prevents individual doors remaining unlocked in advertently or carefully
• When the key is turned in the driver’s door lock, all the other doors on the vehicle
should also lock by motors or solenoids in each door.
• The system can be operated from either front door or
by remote control, then all the doors need an actuator.
• The motors for each door lock are simply wired
in parallel and all operate at the same time.
• Most door actuators are now small motors
which, via suitable gear reduction, operate a linear
rod in either direction to lock or unlock the doors.
• A simple motor reverse circuit is used to achieve
the required action.
• A central door locking system normally locks all doors, including the tailgate or boot simultaneously
when the driver’s door lock is activated.
• When the key is turned or the driver’s door lock button is operated, the electrical system actuates all the
locking actuators installed adjacent to the door locks.
Function
• The central door locking system in a vehicle must grant access only to authorised
persons.
• It is the means via which the vehicle doors and boot lid are locked and unlocked.
• The locking system is operated with a key or remote control.
Different mechanical locking systems
• Each door or lid had an independent mechanism which could be operated from the
outside with a key or from the inside with a knob.
• Central door locking systems, for which pneumatic drives were used originally,
brought about significant improvements in comfort and convenience.
• These systems feature a built-in vacuum reservoir which triggers the locks on all
doors when the key is turned in a lock.
• Are common place in today's vehicles.
• Most of these combine a key with infrared or wireless remote control.
• They can be triggered remotely, i.e. without contact between key and vehicle .

• Central door locking of remaote control Central door locking of driver’s position
 Components of central door locking systems
The central door locking system comprises the following components:-
Door handle/Handle strip
• Is opened and closed from inside or outside.
• The external door strip usually houses the door lock.
• Door strips are increasingly used as design elements in modern cars.
• They can be chrome-plated or paint-finished in the same colour as the vehicle .
Door lock/Actuator
• The latching mechanism in a vehicle is installed
directly in its doors.
• It contains both a latch and an electric motor
(actuator) which controls the central locking.
• The latch opens or closes the doors,
where as the door lock locks or
unlocks the vehicle.
• Today, all door latches are powered by electric drives.
• The current to the locking mechanism is cutoff after a set time interval, which represents the normal
locked or unlocked conditions.
• Various types of control are incorporated to provide the locking/unlocking pulse for operation of the
actuators.
• In some designs two relays are used, one for locking and the other for unlocking the doors.
• A transistorized switching circuit controls these relays.
• The circuit is timed by the charge-discharge action of a capacitor to provide a current pulse length
sufficient to actuate the locks.
Remote control
• Remote controls are being used with increasing frequency in small cars, replacing the functions of
a conventional key to all intents and purposes.
• A signal transmitter sends a signal or a coded order instruction to a receiver inside the vehicle,
which usually controls a number of functions.
Keys
• The basic function of keys is the locking and unlocking of doors, luggage compartments.
The keys comprise two units:-
• the milled,
• toothed key blade and
• the key bow.
• The latter is home to an increasing number of electronic functions such as the remote control for the
central locking system or the boot lid.

Block diagram of Central Locking System

 2 power windows

• Power windows are a system controlled by switches and wires powered by battery or electricity.
• Power windows do not function if the ignition of the car is not turned on.
• Unlike the traditional windows, power windows do not have manual handles.
• They do not work manually.
• Power windows or electric windows are automobile windows which can be raised and lowered by
pressing a button or switch, as opposed to using a crank handle.
• Most power window systems consist of 4 basic components:-
 A switch
 A motor, and
 Gears.

Power window component and the window lifter frame

Switch
The basic function:-
• it can control the lock of the window
• fold the rear view mirror, and
• prevent the pinch, especially for kids.
• It control of speed driven by Direct Current.
• Contains permanent Magnets, which eliminate the need for external field current.
motor
• Is attached to a worm gear and several other spur gears to create a large gear reduction,
giving it enough torque to lift the window.
• An important feature of power windows is that they cannot be forced open -the worm gear
in the drive mechanism takes care of this.
gears
• The gears are connected to linkages that attach to the bottom of the window.
• The window follows a track in the door to allow for smooth operation of the window's
motion.
The lifting mechanism
• The win­dow lift on most cars uses a really neat linkage to lift the window glass while keeping it level.
• A small motor is attached to a worm gear and several other spur gears to create a large gear reduction,
giving it enough torque to lift the window.
• An important feature of power windows is that they cannot be forced open - the worm gear in the
drive mechanism takes care of this.
• Many worm gears have a self-locking feature because of the angle of contact between the worm and
the gear.
• The worm can spin the gear, but the gear cannot spin the worm -- friction between the teeth causes the
gears to bind.

The Wiring and Switches

• C
­ ar doors are wired in many different ways, depending on which features are incorporated.
• That can be allows the driver to control all four windows on the car and can lockout the controls on
the other three individual windows.
A Basic System:-
• On this system, the power is fed to the driver's door through a 20-amp circuit breaker.
• The power comes into the window-switch control panel on the door and is distributed to a contact in the
center of each of the four window switches.
• Two contacts, one on either side of the power contact, are connected to the vehicle ground and to the
motor.
• The power also runs through the lockout switch to a similar window switch on each of the other doors.
Interesting Features
Automatic Up/Down:-
• The automatic-down feature is fairly common on cars with power windows.
• You tap and release the down switch and the window goes all the way down.
• This feature uses a circuit that monitors the amount of time you hold the switch down.
• If the switch is down for less than about half a second, the window will go all the way down until it
hits the limit switch.
• If you hold the switch down for longer than that, the window will stop when you release the button.
• Automatic-up windows feature are less common, the problem with automatic-up windows is that if
anything gets in the way of the window, such as a child, the window has to stop moving before it
hurts the child.

Block diagram of power widows

 3 sun-roof
• The components and circuitry are needed to allow the roof to slide, tilt and stop in the closed
position.
• The extra components used are a micro switch and a latching relay.
• A latching relay works in much the same way as a normal relay
except that it locks into position each time it is energized.
• The mechanism used to achieve this is much like that used in ball-point pens that use a button on
top.
• The micro switch is mechanically positioned such
as to operate when the roof is in its closed position.
• A rocker switch allows the driver to adjust the roof.
• The switch provides the supply to the motor
to run it in the chosen direction.
• The roof will be caused to open or tilt.
• When the switch is operated to close the roof,
the motor is run.
• In the appropriate direction until the micro switch closes when the roof is in its closed position.
• This causes the latching relay to change over, which stops the motor.
• The control switch has now to be Released.
• If the switch is pressed again, the latching relay will once more change over and the motor will be
allowed to run.
System Description
• The sunroofs are raised and lowered by two lifting arms at the rear edge of the roof.
• On cars made the lifting arms are operated by plastic gears (one for each lifting arm mechanism).
• The plastic gears have a small set of teeth which operate the lifting arms.
• They also have a large set of teeth which are driven by a flexible cable.
• The cable is driven by the sunroof motor.
• The sunroof drive motor assembly is located in the rear hatch area behind the vertical section of
carpet on the driver's side of the car.
• On most cars the motor assembly will have a plastic cover over it which is held in place by six
Phillips head screws.
Basic elements for sunroof operation
The following are the most important elements of sunroof opening systems:
 the gear motor,
 the athermic glass, and
 the actuation mechanism:- elements that enable the roof to be opened, closed or lifted (drive rail pivots,
drive cable and drive rails).
• These elements transfer the motion to the sunroof, the deflector and the sunshade
Drive cable:-
• They convert the rotational motion they receive from the gear motor into a linear motions that is
transferred to the drive rail pivot. They are built as a spiral.
Drive rail pivot:-
• It is connected to the drive cable. When it receives the actuation’s motion, it moves along the guide rail
and the slots of the drive rail. The drive rail connects to the sliding roof.
Deflector: -
• Prevents the transmission of external noises to the interior: wind, swooshing…
• Sunshade cover.
Gear motor:-
• It moves the roof by acting on the drive cables through a system of gears and drive pinion which
delivers the adequate torque and power to the displacement mechanism.
• In these projects, a fundamental aspect is ensuring the waterproofing of the entire system and, in
particular, the speed reducer.
• In this manner, we prevent rainwater or snow to seep into the vehicle or degrade and condition the
operation of the sunroof.
• Relays are the switches that aim at closing and
opening the circuits
• electronically as well as electromechanically.
• It controls the opening and closing of the circuit
contacts of an electronic circuit.
• Relays are normally used in the control panels,
manufacturing, and building automation
to control the power along with switching the smaller current
values in a control circuit.
• On the other hand, when designing a sunroof, with the purpose of opening and closing the moving panel
(both ways) the motor’s polarity is reversed.
• Then, in order to achieve its motion, a set of drive rails and drive rail pivots to the sides are required.

The links of central door locking, power windows and sunroof that cotrolled by IR Key

• The lazy lock feature allows the car to be fully secured by one operation of a remote infrared key.
• This is done by the link between the door lock ECU and the window and sun-roof ECUs.
• A signal is supplied and causes all the windows to close in turn, then the sun-roof, and finally it locks the
doors.
• The alarm will also be set if required.
• The windows close in turn to prevent the excessive current demand that would occur if they all tried to
operate at the same time.
The complete system uses an electronic control unit containing:-
• the window motor relays
• switch packs and
• a link to the door lock and sun roof circuits.
• When a window is operated in one shot or one touch mode the window is driven in the chosen direction
until either the switch position is reversed, or the motor stalls or the ECU receives a signal from the door
lock circuit.
• One shot operation has a problem that if a child is trapped in the window a serious injury may occur.
• To avoid this problem, a back off feature is incorporated.
• An extra commutator is added to the motor armature, there by a signal is produced through two
brushes, which is proportional to the motor speed.
• When closing if the rate of change of speed of the motor is detected as being below a certain value
then the ECU reverses the direction of operation of the motor until the window is fully open.
• By counting the number of pulses received the ECU can know the window position,the ECU must
be initialized to determine the window position.
• For initiatizing the motor is operated to drive the window first fully open, and then fully closed.
• This is necessary for the one shot close operation of the window.
• On some systems, Hall effect sensors are utilized to detect motor speed.
• Other systems sense the current drawn by the motor and this is used as an indication of speed.
• The lazy lock feature, if incorporated, fully secures the car by one operation of a remote infra-red
key.
• This is achieved through the link between the door lock ECU and the window and sun roof ECUs.
• Once a signal is provided, this causes all the windows to close in turn, then the sun roof closes and
finally the doors lock.
• The alarm is also set if required.
• When the window close in turn an excessive current demand is avoided.
 conclusions
• The three topics we have seen,that is central door locking,power windows and sunroof in
a vehicle are used in safety and comfort as well as protect passenger and driver from
injury.
• Modern cars are not only comfortable, in most cases they come with a sophisticated
central locking system designed to guarantee the highest possible level of safety.
• A large number of cars today are equipped with remote central locking also known as a
remote keyless system (RKS), which allows the vehicle to be unlocked and locked,
including:-
• the driver’s door and
• passenger door, tailgate,
• One of the biggest benefits of power windows is that they increase safety.
• When you have to roll down your window, you are more likely to take your eyes off the
road.
• With power windows, you can easily roll them down with the touch of a button.
• The main benefit of having a sunroof is that it lets in more natural light than a
conventional glass area would.
• Sunroofs are always equipped with a sunblind and a tint to keep the cabin from
overheating.
• They let in more natural light and give the impression that the cabin is larger.
 Discussion Question

1,what is the role of central door locking,power

windows and Sunroof in safety?
2,what is the relation of central door locking,power
windows and sunroof?