Security

can be defined as the degree of

protection or resistance against harm,
danger, loss, and criminals.
Categories of Security
1. Physical Security
2. Personnel Security
3. Document and Information
Security
1. Physical Security – Pertains to all
physical barriers employed or
installed to secure assets.
2. Personnel Security – refers to the
procedure followed, inquiries
conducted, and criteria applied to
determine the work suitability of a
particular applicant or the retention of
a particular employee.
3. Document and Information
Security – refers to policies,
regulations, doctrines, and practices
enforced to safeguard the contents and
integrity of any classified information
or document from compromise or loss.
Political Security - relate to social
relationships involving governments or
entities that hold authority or power.
1. Public Safety – refers to the way of
governments are ensuring the protection
of its citizens, organizations and
institutions against threats to their well –
being, as well as maintaining the general
security and peace in public places.
2. National Security – is the
requirement to maintain the survival of
a state through the use of economic
power, diplomacy, and political power.
3. International security – consists of
the measures taken by nations and
international organizations to ensure
mutual survival and safety.
In the private sphere, security can be even further
categorized, as shown below:
1. Industrial security
2. Bank and armor security
3. Hotel security
4. V.I.P. security
5. Operational security
6. Communication security
7. Mall/commercial security
Legal Context
of Security
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

was adopted by the United Nations on 10

December 1948, guarantees such instinct
to protect in Article 3, which states that
“Everyone has the right to life, liberty and
security of person”
The International Coveneat on Civil and
Political Rights, a multilateral treaty also
adopted by the United Nations on 16
December 1966, further recognizes this
rights to security of person in Article 9
(1), which states that:
“Everyone has the right to liberty and
security of person. No one shall be
subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention.
No one shall be deprived of his liberty
except on such grounds and in accordance
with such procedure as are established by
law.”(UN Human Right, 1966)
 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the
Philippines

The 1987 Constitution lays the foundation that

protects the Filipino citizens right to security.
Relevant sections of the constitution are cited here
to demonstrate specific provisions that guarantee
this right.
Section 4, Article II. The prime duty of the
Government is to serve and protect the
people. The Government may call upon the
people to defend the State and, in the
fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions provided by law,
to render personal, military or civil service.
Section 1, Article III. No person shall
be deprived of life, liberty or property
without due process of law, nor shall
any person be denied the equal
protection of the laws.
Section 2, Article III. The right of the
people to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of
whatever nature and for any purpose shall
be inviolable, and no search warrant or
warrant of arrest shall issue except upon
Probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge afater examination
under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may
produce, and particularly describing the
place to be searched and the persons or
things to be seized.
Section 9, Article III. Private property
shall not be taken for public use
without just compensation.
Section 16, Article XII. The Congress shall not,
except by general law, provide for the formation,
organization, or regulation of private
corporations. Government owned or controlled
corporations may be created or etsablished by
special charters in the interest of the common
good and subject to the test of economic
viability.
Private Security Agency Law (RA 5487 as
amended)

Republic Act No. 5487 or “An Act to Regulate

the Organization and Operation of Private
Detective, Watchmen or Security Guards
Agencies” is amended by Presidential Decree No.
11 on October 3. 1972.
Protection Specialists – called to
Private security personnel because in
the present concept, law enforcement
and crime prevention are not solely
charged to the PNP.
Presidential Decree No. 1919 (Amending
RA 5487 and PD 100)

Presidential Decree No. 1919 amended

further The Private Security Agency Law on
April 28, 1984 with the following changes:
• Defining watchman or security guard to
include those from government entities
• Specifying the employment of a minimum of
200 and a maximum of 1,000 licensed security
guards for any private security agency.
• Specifying 30 to 1,000 company guards for
company guard forces.
Physical Security = refers to a logical
set of tangible elements and measures
adopted to prevent unauthorized access
to equipment, facilities, materials,
documents and personnel
Principles of Physical Security
1. The type of access necessary depends
on the number of variable factors, thus,
may be obtained in different ways.
2. There is no such thing as an
impenetrable barrier.
3. The installation of a barrier varies
from another

4. There is defense in barrier depth.

Factors in Selecting Security Safeguards
1. Site Characteristics
Selection of safeguards can be influenced
by the nature of the site such as the size,
layout, utilities, internal activities and assets
in the site. Other factors may include
company philosophy and workforce culture.
2. Environment
This refers to the area surrounding the
facility.
3. Forces of Nature
Also at play i9n the selection of safeguards
are the environment climate, whether, and
natural forces.
4. Crime
Crime patterns must be considered in
selecting the necessary
countermeasures.
Physical Barriers

A barrier is a natural or manufactured

obstacle to the movement of persons,
animals, vehicles or materials.
Advantages of Physical Barriers
1. Physical barriers become a
psychological deterrence when a
potential intruder is discouraged from
accessing a facility because the barriers
appear to present difficulties.
ALARM (signal) is a synonymous
to warning of imminent danger.
Fire alarms are those devices
installed to help detect fires or
detect anything that causes fire such
as smoke or unusual rising of
temperature.
B. PRIVATE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
1. Automatic Sprinkling System
2. Fire Pumps
3. Standpipes
4. Fire Hydrant
5. Portable Hand Extinguishers
6. Alarm Systems
C. FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM – This
system provides sensors in fire – prone areas
in a building whereby smoke or heat will
actuate these strategically located sensors or
automatic fire detectors so that alarm is
automatically sounded warning the employees
and summoning fire fighting units.
D. SMOKE DETECTORS –
Smoke detectors offer some
advantage over fire detectors
because before fire gets big, there
will be smoke.
BASIC CONCEPT OF PROTECTIVE
LOCKS AND KEY CONTROL

The best defense against lock picking and

making of key by impression is the
installation of special pick – resistant,
impression – resistant lock cylinders.
1. Lock – A mechanical, electrical,
hydraulic or electronic device to
prevent entry into a building, room,
container or hiding place and to
prevent the removal of items
without the consent of the owner.
2. Key – maybe defined as:
a. Instrument for locking and unlocking: a metal
bar with notches or grooves that, when inserted
into a lock and turned, operates the locks
mechanism; or
b. door or lock opener: a device such as a plastic
card with an encoded magnetic
strip that operates a door lock
3. Padlock – A portable and detachable
lock having a sliding hasp which
passes through a staple ring or the like
and is then made fast or secured.
4. Peterman – An English term used to
describe a lock picker
 TYPES OF ALARM
DETECTION SYSTEM
1. Central Station System – A type of
protective alarm system where the
central station is located outside the
installation.
a. Direct wire system
b. Circuit party systems
c. Multiplex system
d. Digital communicator
e. Telephone Dialer
f. Radio signal transmission
g. Video verification
2. Proprietary System –that it is
owned and leased by the subscriber,
and operated and located in the
facility.
3. Local Alarm System – Consists
of rigging up a visual or audible
alarm near the object to be
protected, a bell or light indicates an
attempted or successful intrusion.
4. Auxiliary System – In this
system installation circuits are led
into local police of fore department
by leased telephone lines usually by
special arrangements.
5. Local Alarm By – Chance
System – This is a local alarm
system in which a bell or siren is
sounded with no predictable
response.
6. Dial Alarm System – This
system is set to dial predestined
number when the alarm is activated.
1. BREAKING AN ELECTRICAL
CIRCUIT THROUGH A
METALLIC FOIL OR WIRE