PASSIVE & ACTIVE

VOICE
 PASSIVE ACTIVE
Tell us what is done to Tell us what a person or thing
something or someone does

OBJECT + VERB + SUBJECT + VERB +

SUBJECT OBJECT
PASSIVE VOICE  It’s made up of the
verb BE + PARTICIPLE
- Use the word BY
 ACTIVE  PASSIVE
The hunter killed the lion  The lion was killed by the hunter
Someone has cleaned the windows  The windows has been
cleaned
A dangerous dog attacked her  She was attacked by a dangerous
dog
The company requires new staff  New staff are required by the
company
John is writing the letter  The letter is being written by John
 Tense Active Passive
Present simple I play football Football is played by me

Present continuous He is buying a bike A bike is being bought by him

Present perfect I have made a cake A cake has been made by me

Past simple The boy jumped the rope The rope was jumped by the boy

Past simple I was singing a song A song was being sung by me

continuous
Past perfect My sister has eaten an apple An apple has been eaten by my
sister
Future simple (will) He will visit his mom His mom will be visited by him

Future going to We are going to dance salsa Salsa is going to be danced by

us
50 years ago (past)
1. Manuscripts ................... (write) by hand or on a typewriter
2. The finished manuscript ................. (send) to the publisher by post
3. Pictures ................. (draw) on paper
4. Metal plates ..................... (make) by printers
5. Books ................... (sell) only in bookshops

Today (present)
1. Manuscripts ................... (type) on a computer
2. The finished manuscript ..................... (email) to the publisher
3. Most pictures ................... (create) on a computer
4. Some books .................... (print) directly from a computer
5. More books .................... (buy) online than from bookshops
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Planet Earth
Nature & natural disasters
 Avalanche
Disease Tornado/twister
Drought Volcanic eruption
Blizzard Lightning
Earthquake
Dust storm Whirlpool/whirlwind
Famine
Windstorm Thunderstorm
Flood
Heat wave Blackout
Forest fire/wildfire
Hurricane Hail storm
Landslide
Damaged - destroyed - injured - lasted - left - lost - reached - rescued -
sent - struck

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Crimes
 Arson (arsonist)
Hit & run
Assassination (Assassin)
Kidnapping (kidnapper)
Assault (Assailant)
Blackmail (Blackmailer) Murder (murderer)
Bombing (Bomber) Pickpocketing (pickpocketer)
Bribery (Briber) Rape (Rapist)
Burglary (Burglar - house) Riot
Forgery (Forger) Robbery (Robber - store/banks)
Fraud Shoplifting (shoplifter)
Hijacking (hijacker)
Smuggling (smuggler)
Hit & run
Theft (thief - general)
Hijacking (hijacker)
Trafficking
Choose a crime
Report a crime
Use past continuous to describe what happened
Describe the scenario, people, etc
CONDITIONALS
For real or imaginary scenarios
IF CLAUSE + MAIN CLAUSE
 Zero conditional
▪ If clause (condition) and the main clause are real
▪ Real facts (Scientifics)
▪ Present simple + present simple

IF YOU MIX RED AND BLUE, YOU GET PURPLE

AN ICE CUBE MELTS IF YOU PUT IT IN THE SUN
Zero conditional

IF YOU TOUCH A FIRE, YOU GET BURNED

SNAKES BITE IF THEY ARE SCARED
IF PEOPLE EAT TOO MUCH, THEY GET
FAT
IF BABIES ARE HUNGRY, THEY CRY
 1) If I ..................... (wake up) late, I ...................... (be) late for work.

2) If my husband .................... (cook) , he ....................... (burn) the food.

3) If Julie ........................ (not/wear) a hat, she ..................... (get)

sunstroke.

4) If children ...................... (not/eat) well, they ...................... (not/be)

healthy.

5) If you ..................... (mix) water and electricity, you .................... (get)

a shock.

6) If you ...................... (smoke) , you .................... (get) yellow fingers.

7) If I ................... (speak) to John, he ................... (get) annoyed. 18

ADJECTIVES ING - ED
ING-ADJ  For characteristic of
persons, thing, situations, places
ED – ADJ  For describing
feelings or emotions
 - HARRY POTTER’S BOOK IS
AMAZING
- I WAS AMAZED WITH THE HARRY
POTTER’S BOOK

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 MY GIRLFRIEND IS BORED
MY GIRLFRIEND IS BORING

I WAS SHOCKED BY THE ACCIDENT

THE ACCIDENT WAS SHOCKING
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