Pemilihan Bahan Dan Proses: Bambang Widyanto

PEMILIHAN BAHAN
DAN PROSES BAMBANG WIDYANTO

Tujuan
Membuat suatu produk sesuai dengan Yang harus jadi bahan Pertimbangan
kegunaannya
- Fungsi - Sifat material
- Umur - Sifat fisik
- Sifat mekanik
- Kemudahan dibuat/didapat - Sifat teknologi
- Murah
Secara umum, material yang dipergunakan dalam industri otomotif atau industri lainnya terdiri dari 3
material utama, yaitu Logam, Keramik, plastik atau polymer dan campuran diantara dua atau
ketiganya melahirkan kombinasi yang disebut sebagai lomposit.
Sumber: Michael.F.Ashby, David R.H.Jones Engineering Materials, an introduction to their properties and application, 2 nd edition, 1996,
Porsi penggunaan berbagai material di
industri otomotif
Sumber: Kristina Berladir, Modern materials for automotive industry, Journal of Engineering Sciences, December 2017, Sunny State University
Model Action dan
Reflection/Think loops
untuk pengembangan
produk
Sumber: S,Andre, Supporting
the utilization of a Platform
Approach in the Engineer-to-
order Supplier Industry,
Jonkoping:Jonkoping
University-School of
Engineering, 2017.
Elemen yang berfungsi dalam pengembangan
produk
Sumber: C.Shatz, A Methodology for Production Development-Body of knowledge approach, Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
2006
Introduction
Materials in many products have
changed over the years
Figure 9-2 a) (Left) A traditional two-wheel bicycle

frame (1970s vintage) made from joined segments
of metal tubing,
b) (Right) a top-of-the-line (Tour de France or
triathlon-type) bicycle with one-piece frame, made
from fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composite.
(Courtesy of Trek Bicycle Corporation, Waterloo,
WI.)
14
15
Let's take the example of a bike

What is the function of a bicycle?
How does the function depend on the type of
bike (e.g. racing, or about-town, or child's
bike)?
How is it made to be easily maintained?
What should it cost?
What should it look like (colours etc.)?
How has it been made comfortable to ride?
How do the mechanical bits work and
interact?
17
kusharjanto, metalurgi-unjani
Materials properties
TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
-castability, weldability,
formability, etc.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- corrosion resistance, specific
gravity, thermal and
electrical conductivity
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
- strength, hardness,
toughness, ductility,
stiffness, brittleness
22
Sifat mekanik
Struktur hybrid pada Volvo XC90
Sumber: C.Shatz, A Methodology for Production Development-Body of knowledge approach, Trondheim: Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
2006
24
Sifat panas
25
Sifat-sifat fisik
26
Sifat-sifat kimia
28
29
30
31
32
A
33
A
34
35
36
Constraints
- Kuat
- Umur Panjang
- Murah
- ……………….
- …………………
- ……………………
- ……………………..
Constraints (velg mobil)
- Kuat
- Umur Panjang
- Murah
- ……………….
- …………………
- ……………………
- ……………………..????????
40
41
Translation
Screening
Ranking
Supporting
information
42
43
44
45
The previous figure suggests that the

design process is logical and linear. The
reality is
otherwise. Here the C-blobs represent
possible concepts, the E-blobs possible
embodiments of the Cs, and the D-blobs
possible detailed realizations of the Es.
The process is complete when a
compatible path form ‘‘Need’’ to
‘‘Specification’’ can be
identified. The extreme coupling between
the idealized design ‘‘stages’’ leads to a
devious path (the full line) and many
dead-ends (the broken lines). This creates
the need for tools that allow fluid access
to materials information at differing levels
of breadth and detail.
Compatibility
46
Compatibility chart of
materials and processes.
Selection of a material may
restrict possible processes.
Selection of a process may
restrict possible materials.
47
Material Substitutions
50
51
52
53
Hubungan komposisi paduan, proses manufaktur dan struktur

mikro terhadap kinerja
Performance:
• Ringan
• Kekuatan dan kekerasan tinggi
Composition:
• Paduan Mg-Al-Zn
• Penambahan partikel ZnO
Processing: Contoh aplikasi

• Proses Thixoforming
Microstructure:
• Fasa
• Senyawa intermetalik
• Ukuran butir
54
DISK
DESIGN
59
Select a Material with Rating Chart

1. List all required material properties for a product to be
designed.
2. Screen all required properties and identify those absolute
properties that must be considered for the product as
“Go-No-Go” properties.
3. Rate each candidate material on a scale such as 1 to 5 or
1 to 10 for each required property.
4. Define weighted factor for each required property based
on its significance.
5. Multiply property rating by its weighted factor and sum
the results for each materials
6. Select the material that satisfies the “Go-No-Go” screen
and has the highest sum of the relative rating numbers.
60
Select a Material with Rating Chart

Material Go-No-Go Relative rating number - R SR Sr SR/r
(=rating number x weighting factor)
Weldability Stiffness Stability Fatigue Tensile
1 4 5 4 14
A 14
B 14
C 14
61
Example: Selection of a Material:

62
Solution:
• Finding “Go-No-Go” property: weldability
• - S: satisfactory
• - U: unsatisfactory
• Calculating: R = Relative rating number, and r =
weighting factor.
Relative rating number R = property rating number x
weighting factor
• Set material’s property rating number (1 – 5):
excellent = 5, very good = 4, good = 3, fair = 2,
poor = 1
• weighted factor for each material’s property:
• - Stiffness : 1
• - Stability: 4
• - Fatigue: 5
• - Tensile strength: 4
63
Solution (cont.)
Rating chart for selecting material
Weldability Stiffness Stability Fatigue Tensile SR Sr SR/Sr
Strength
Go-No-Go (1) (4) (5) (4)

screening
X S 3x1 3x4 2x5 3x4 37 14 2.64
Y U 3x1 5x4 3x5 5x4 58 14 4.14
Z S 3x1 3x4 5x5 2x4 48 14 3.43

64
Summary
Proper materials selection is vital to a product’s success
The design engineer and materials engineer are responsible for
materials selection
Materials and process selection go hand-in-hand
Data should be used to validate materials selection
MATERIAL SELECTION
(KONSEP)
KURVA SIFAT-SIFAT MATERIAL
Ringkasan
STUDI KASUS #1
Product Analysis
Just what it says – analyse the product!
What does it do?
How does it do it?
Where does it do it?
Who uses it?
What should it cost?
Case Study – a bike
What is the function of a bike – obvious?
How does the function depend on the type of bike?
• Racing
• Touring
• Mountain bike
• Commuter
• Childs
Case Study – a bike (2)
How is it made to be easily maintained?
What should it look like (colours etc.)?
What should it cost?
How has it been made comfortable to ride?
How do the mechanical parts work and interact?
Component or system?
1st problem is…….
Is it one component or a system of components working
together?
 When we analyse a system we need to

break the system down into individual
components and then analyse each one.
Cordless screwdriver
System Analysis – the bike
The bike breaks down into various parts:
Frame
Forks
Wheels
Saddle
Etc.
System Analysis – the bike (2)
We now need to look at the following for each part:
Requirements (mechanical, ergonomic, aesthetic etc.)
Function
How many are going to be made?
What manufacturing methods are we going to use?
Manufacturing
This is a key question which has a massive influence on materials selection.

e.g. The frame, what materials could we use?
Frame Materials
Steel –
Strong, stiff, heavy, but cheap
Aluminium –
weaker, lighter, more expensive than steel
Composite (CFRP) –
strong, stiff, very light, but expensive to buy and to fabricate
Bike Frame
Frame Design Detail
What Properties?
Mechanical –
Strength, modulus etc.
Physical –
Density, melting point.
Electrical –
Conductivity, resistivity.
Aesthetic –
Appearance, texture, colour
Processability –
Ductility, mouldability
And last, but not least……….
Cost, cost, cost!
Where do I find the data?
Textbooks
Databooks
Manufacturer’s literature
Internet Sites
Textbooks
Good for general information
Some have tables of properties
Not good for detailed specifications and properties.
A useful first point of call
Databooks
One of the quickest sources of detailed information.
Usually contain grades and specifications as well as properties.
Small and perfectly formed – pocketbooks
Easy to navigate around
Internet Sites
Can be a real minefield.
Lots of poorly presented information.
Google searches bring up lots of rubbish.
Hard to find technical information.
Best to use non-commercial sites.
Materials Selection Charts
Materials Selection Charts
Allow easy visualisation of properties
Show lots of different materials
Can be ‘drilled down’ to specifics
Show balances of properties
e.g. strength v cost
Ideal for a first ‘rough cut’ selection
Summary
1. Think about the design from ergonomic and functional
viewpoint.
2. Decide on the materials to be used.
3. Choose a suitable process that is also economic
Steps 2 & 3 may be iterative.

Pemilihan Bahan Dan Proses: Bambang Widyanto

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Pemilihan Bahan Dan Proses: Bambang Widyanto

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PEMILIHAN BAHAN

DAN PROSES BAMBANG WIDYANTO

Figure 9-2 a) (Left) A traditional two-wheel bicycle

Let's take the example of a bike

The previous figure suggests that the

Hubungan komposisi paduan, proses manufaktur dan struktur

Processing: Contoh aplikasi

Select a Material with Rating Chart

Select a Material with Rating Chart

Weldability Stiffness Stability Fatigue Tensile

Example: Selection of a Material:

Go-No-Go (1) (4) (5) (4)

Y U 3x1 5x4 3x5 5x4 58 14 4.14

Z S 3x1 3x4 5x5 2x4 48 14 3.43

 When we analyse a system we need to

This is a key question which has a massive influence on materials selection.

You might also like