Chapter 8 : Circular Measure

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Chapter Overview
The concept of radians will likely be completely new to you.

8.2:: Find arc length (using radians)

8.1:: Converting between
degrees and radians. “ is a sector. Determine the perimeter
“What is in radians?” of the shape.”
𝐴
3 1.3
𝐶 4 𝑂 𝐵

8.3:: Find area of sector (using

radians).
RECAP: Parts of a Circle

Radius

O
Diameter

Circumference
 RECAP: Parts of a Circle

!
Circumference :

C =2 𝜋 𝑟
Radius

Area of Circle :
O
Diameter
2
𝐴= 𝜋 𝑟

Circumference
RECAP: Parts of a Circle
(Minor) Arc AB
! (Minor) Sector
A OAB
B

O
 RECAP: Parts of a Circle
(Minor) Arc AB
! (Minor) Sector
Arc length : A OAB
B
𝜃
𝑠= ×2 𝜋 𝑟
360
O
Area of Sector :

𝜃 2
𝐴= ×𝜋𝑟
360
Which one is a sector?
Chapter 8 : Circular Measure

8.1 Converting between

Degrees and Radians
Radians
So far you’ve used degrees as the unit to measure angles.
But outside geometry, mathematicians pretty much always use radians.

r
Unit Note: While the
unit “” must be written
for degrees, no unit is
generally written for
1° radians (but if so, use r
“rad”). 1 rad

A degree is a 360th of a One radian however is the

rotation around a full movement of one radius’
circle. worth around the
circumference of the circle.

Click to Start Degree Click to Start Radian

Fro-manimation Fro-manimation
Radians

Definition of a radian

A
Take an arc, AB, of the
5 cm
circumference of a circle. 5 cm

When the arc AB is the same 1 rad

length as the radius of 5 cm B
the circle, the angle formed
at the centre is defined to be
1 radian.

Thinking about how many radii around the circumference we can go: rad
Converting between radians and degrees

=
Converting between radians and degrees

𝝅 ?
𝟑 ?

90°= 135°= 𝝅
? ?

𝟐 𝟒
? ?

? ?
Be able to convert common angles in your head…

? ?

? ?

? ?

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Chapter 8 : Circular Measure

8.2 Arc Length of a sector

Arc length
𝑠

𝑟
𝜃

Arc length in degrees: Arc length in radians

From before, we know that 1 radian
gives an arc of 1 radius in length, so
𝜃 radians must give a length of…
𝑠= ? ×2 𝜋 𝑟
360
𝑠=𝑟
? 𝜃
Examples
[Textbook] Find the length of the
arc of a circle of radius 5.2 cm,
given that the arc subtends an
angle of 0.8 radians at the centre
of the circle.
[Textbook] An arc of a circle with
radius 7 cm and centre has a
length of 2.45 cm. Find the angle
subtended by the arc at the centre
of the circle

𝐴
𝑐𝑚 𝑚
5.2 7 𝑐
0.8 𝜃
2.45 𝑐𝑚
𝑂
?
?𝐵
0.8 ×5.2=4.16 𝑐𝑚

𝜃×7=2.45
Terminology: ‘Subtend’ means
opposite or extending beneath.
Further Examples
[Textbook] The border of a garden pond
consists of a straight edge of length 2.4m, and
a curved part , as shown in the diagram. The
curve part is an arc of a circle, centre and
radius 2m.
Find the length of .
𝐶

𝜃
2 𝑐𝑚 2 𝑐𝑚

𝐴 2.4 𝑐𝑚 𝐵
2 𝑐𝑚 Fro Tip: Trigonometry on right-
𝑥 angled triangles is always simpler
than using sine/cosine rule.

1.2 𝑐𝑚 ?
Angles round a
point add to .
Chapter 8 : Circular Measure

8.3 Area of a sector

Sector Area

𝑟
𝜃

Area using Degrees Area using Radians

𝜃 2 1 2
𝐴= ×𝜋𝑟
? 𝐴= 𝑟? 𝜃
360 2
Examples
[Textbook] In the diagram, the area [Textbook] A plot of land is in the shape of
of the minor sector is 28.9 cm2. a sector of a circle of radius 55 m. The
Given that radians, calculate the length of fencing that is erected along the
value of . edge of the plot to enclose the land is 176
m. Calculate the area of the plot of land.
𝐴
𝐴
5 𝑚
cm
5
0.8 𝑂 𝜃
55
cm
𝐵 𝑚
𝐵

Arc

1 ?2
28.9= 𝑟 ×0.8 Area m2 ?

2
Segment Area

A segment is the region

𝑟 bound between a chord
𝜃 𝑟 and the circumference.

This is just a sector with a

triangle cut out.

Area using radians: Recall that the area of

a triangle is where is
the ‘included angle’
(i.e. between and )
Segment Examples
[Textbook] In the diagram above, is
a sector of a circle, radius 4m. The
chord is 5m long. Find the area of
the shaded segment.
𝐴
4𝑚
𝑂 𝜃5𝑚
4𝑚
𝐵

Using cosine rule:

Area of shaded segment:

m2.
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