Intermediate Unit 9

Second and Third

Conditionals
Second Conditional
Look at the following sentences

● If I have time, I’ll help you

● If I had time, I’d help you

Do they have the same meaning?

Discuss the difference in meaning with a partner

Second Conditional - Use
We use the Second Conditional to talk about unreal, hypothetical, imaginary or
impossible situations.

● If I had time, I’d help you

Do I have time?

It’s an imaginary situation

Let’s practice

F
Second Conditional - Form
More practice

wouldn’t like

weren’t
couldn’t identify

weren’t loved would hate

drove
would hate
were would hate

weren’t might be
How well do you know your partner
1. Partner A and B must sit on opposite sides of the room.
2. The teacher will give a second conditional question
3. Student A will write their answer on a white board
4. After they finish writing, student B will try to guess the answer
5. Student A shows the whiteboard to prove if it is correct or
incorrect
6. If the answers match, the team gets a point
7. Repeat this and student B writes their answer.
If you could meet a famous
person, who would it be?
(an author, a musician, an actor…)
If you learned another language,
which language would you learn?
If you could have any car in the
world, what would you have?
 If you could be any age for a
week, what age would you be?
If you could have any pet,
what would it be?
 If you were given unlimited money
to buy ONE item, what would it be?
(not a house or car)
 If you could have one special
talent, what would you choose?
If you could have any job in
the world, what would it be?
If you got married, where would
you have the wedding?
 Review
https://create.kahoot.it/details/second-conditional/41d06a25-6688-440c-8e0d-33a551533a6e
Third Conditional

We use the third conditional to talk about past situations and results that never
happened.

The third conditional is often used to express regret about what happened in
the past.
Third Conditional
“If I had known about the test, I would have studied”

● When did the action happen?

● Did I study for the test?

● Can I change the result of the test?

Practice Time

T
Third Conditional - Form
More Practice

would have gone

hadn’t lost
could have gone
hadn’t become
wouldn’t have
known
hadn’t shown
hadn’t helped
could have gone
may not have led hadn’t married
would have been
hadn’t lived
Third Conditional
Review
 Conditional Review

1. Zero Conditional
a. We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are always true
2. First Conditional
a. We use the first conditional to talk about the result of a possible event or situation in the
future.
3. Second Conditional
a. We use the second conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the present of the
future.
4. Third Conditional
a. We use the third conditional to talk about imaginary situations in the past.
b. We often use it to talk about the opposite of what really happened.
If I win, I’ll buy a new house.
If I won, I’d buy a new house.
If I’d won, I’d have bought a new house.
We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after
'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the
second part of the sentence:

● if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle

https://youtu.be/iH6FdW39Hag

My life ☺
Bought a
Worked on Moved to house in Have the best
a farm Germany Ipswich students ever

past Met partner future

Had my Now
first kid
1. If I hadn’t worked on a farm, I wouldn’t have met my partner.
2. If I hadn’t bought a house in Ipswich, I would have moved to Bundaberg
3. If I hadn’t got a job at Shafston, I might not have had the best students
ever.
*could have = ability
*might have = would have perhaps
https://youtu.be/iH6FdW39Hag

My life ☺
Bought a
Worked on Moved to house in Have the best
a farm Germany Ipswich students ever

past Met partner future

Had my Now
first kid
1. If I hadn’t worked on a farm, I wouldn’t have met My partner.
2. If I hadn’t Bought a house in Ipswich, I would have moved to Bundaberg
3. If I hadn’t got a job at Shafston, I might not have had the best students
ever.
 Create your own timeline with 10 life events

Now try to create 10 third conditional sentences!

Lets practice real world situations!
Discuss the following questions with a partner:
1. Do you believe in fate? Are things pre-determined to
happen?
Or is it all coincidence? Explain.
2. Do you think there is a specific day to die? Justify it.
Have you ever seen/been in an accident? Describe what
happened
Have you ever seen this movie before?
Watch the following movie clip! Try to fill in the information!
What is the video about? Have you ever done anything similar?
Meaning of Just

Absolutely

Only

A short time before

By a small amount
While we are waiting!
Easiest to explain

2nd conditional = Present/future

IF + PAST SIMPLE + WOULD + INF

3rd conditional = Past

IF + PAST PERFECT + WOULD HAVE P.P
What if we want to make a conditional that we did in
the past and effect the present.
2nd conditional = Present/future
IF + PAST SIMPLE + WOULD + INF

IF + PAST PERFECT WOULD + INF

3rd conditional = Past
IF + PAST PERFECT + WOULD HAVE P.P
So this one is clear BUT……………………………...

The other way is a little bit strange in

English
Today I have to catch a plane
But I am scared of flying
In English we can use the mixed conditional that
looks like a present effects the past

If I wasn't afraid of flying ( GENERAL TRUTH) I would have flown to Germany last
year ( SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD)

2nd conditional 3rd conditional

IF + PAST SIMPLE + WOULD HAVE P.P

G
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Defining, non-defining and
reduced relative clauses
 Defining Relative Clauses
• Defining relative clauses give you essential
information so that you know which person,
thing, etc. the writer or speaker is talking
about:

• Eg. The people who came to the church had

no idea there was going to be a wedding.
 Defining Relative Clauses
• Without the relative clause, the sentence is
incomplete or doesn’t make sense.

• Eg. The people who came to the church had

no idea there was going to be a wedding.

• Which people? We don’t know. We need more

 Defining Relative Clauses
• In defining relative clauses we use:

• who (or that) for people: Eg. All those

who/that were cruel to her are made to suffer.
• that (or which) for things: Eg. This is a wedding
scenario that/which Cecelia might have
written for one of her own novels!
 Defining Relative Clauses
• whose for possession: Eg. It’s about a young
woman whose husband dies.

• where for places: Eg. One day his wife was

emptying a bin where King had thrown the
manuscript.

• when for times: Eg. His first major success came

when his manuscript for a book called ‘Carrie’ was
accepted by a publisher in 1973.
 Defining Relative Clauses
• We don’t use commas with defining relative
clauses.
 Defining Relative Clauses
• We can’t use what in defining relative clauses:

• Eg. Did you get the letter what I sent?

• However, we can use what to mean ‘the thing/s

that’:
• Eg. Can you tell me what he said?
= (Can you tell me the things that he said?)
 Defining Relative Clauses
• Eg. Did you get the letter what I sent?
• Here, what refers to the letter, so it is
incorrect. We should use that instead.

• Eg. Can you tell me what he said?

• Here, what doesn’t refer to anything in the
main clause. It means the things that.
 Leaving out who, that, which, etc.
• We can leave out who, that or which when
these words aren’t the subject of the defining
relative clause.
 Leaving out who, that, which, etc.
• Compare the defining relative clauses in these
sentences:
• 1. These stories were the beginning of a
writing career that has made King the most
successful American author in history.

• In sentence 1 we must use that because it is

the subject of the relative clause.
 Leaving out who, that, which, etc.
• Compare the defining relative clauses in these
sentences:

• 2. This is a wedding scenario (that) Cecelia

might have written for one of her own novels!
• In sentence 2 we can leave out that because it
is the object of the relative clause (Cecelia is
the subject).
 Leaving out who, that, which, etc.
• We never leave out whose in defining relative
clauses.
 Leaving out who, that, which, etc.
• We can usually leave out where in defining
relative clauses if we add a preposition at the
end of the relative clause:

• Eg. That’s the house where I was born.

• Eg. That’s the house I was born in.
 Leaving out who, that, which, etc.
• We can only leave out when if the time
reference is clear:
• Eg. That’s the day (when) the baby’s due.

• Eg. That’s when the baby’s due.

• Here we must include when as there is no
time reference.