Chapter - 5

Multi-Dim Arrays

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 Multiple Dimensional Arrays
type variable[size1][size2]; // comment

Example:
// a typical matrix
int matrix[2][4];

Notice that C++ does not follow the notation used in other languages:
matrix[10,12] // Not C++
To access an element of the matrix we use the notation:
matrix[1][2] = 10;

More than two dimensions can be used:

four_dimensions[10][12][9][5];

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 Initializing Matrices
// a typical matrix
int matrix[2][4] =
    {
        {1, 2, 3, 4},
        {10, 20, 30, 40}
    };

This is shorthand for:

matrix[0][0] = 1;
matrix[0][1] = 2;
matrix[0][2] = 3;
matrix[0][3] = 4;

matrix[1][0] = 10;
matrix[1][1] = 20;
matrix[1][2] = 30;
matrix[1][3] = 40;
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 2-Dimensional Arrays
Sometimes you may want to use similar data that would
normally be stored in a table rather than a list (1-D
array).
You can envision this table as a collection of data stored
in rows and columns.
This data must be all the same data type.
For example, suppose we had a collection of daily
temperature data taken every three hours for a week.

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 Example-Temperatures
By hand we could create a table that might look like
0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00
Sunday 48.9 42.7 45.5 55.1 68.9 74.7 70.1 60.7
Monday 51.8 48.5 48.9 50.8 56.6 62.6 58.3 45.4
Tuesday 40.5 40.3 41.5 50.4 54.3 61.8 60.0 52.7
Wednesday 50.9 48.9 47.3 53.6 60.2 65.7 64.6 54.1
Thursday 48.7 45.2 44.8 52.8 60.4 68.4 60.2 49.2
Friday 45.4 44.9 48.9 57.9 59.3 61.5 50.7 45.3
Saturday 42.9 45.6 47.8 48.9 50.3 51.9 50.8 49.9

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 Example-Temperatures
To store this data in the computer we could create a
two dimensional array.
double dailytemp[7] [8] ;

Number of
Data type Array name Number columns
of rows

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 In General
Declaring a 2-dimensional array:
data_type array_name[numb_rows][numb_cols];

where the number of rows and columns must be an

integer, but can be a literal constant (48, 34, 1002) or
a symbolic constant that has been previously
declared.
const int no_rows = 37;
const int no_cols = 85;
long someArray[no_rows][no_cols];
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 Referring to Elements
Individual elements of a 2-D array may be referred as
array_name[row_number][column_number]
or
array_name[int_variable][int_variable]

Similar to 1-D arrays, the first row (or column) number

is 0, the last is max_row - 1.

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 Filling 2-Dimensional Arrays
At time of declaration:
int a[3][4] = { {45, 23, 46, 68},
{46, 29, 15, 32},
{57, 68, 79, 32} };

Individually, one at a time:

a[0][2] = 46;
a[1][3] = 32;

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 Filling 2-Dimensional Arrays
Using nested loops:
for (int j = 0; j < no_rows; j++)
{ for (int k = 0; k < no_cols; k++)
{ // some output statement
cin>> a[j][k]; //interactive
// infile >> a[j][k]; for file input
}
}
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 Output of a 2-D Array
One element at a time
cout<<a[2][1];
Using nested loops:
for (int j = 0; j < no_rows; j++)
{ for (int k = 0; k < no_cols; k++)
{ cout<< a[j][k]; //interactive
// outfile << a[j][k]; for file output
}
cout<<endl;
}
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 Other Multidimensional Arrays
The dimensions of arrays is not limited to one or two.
The array capacity is the product of the integer
constants used in the declaration.
double someArray[25][4][15][35][5];
//is a array of 5 dimensions with a capacity of //
25*4*15*35*5
In the function heading, the first capacity constant may
be left blank
void prt(double ArrayInfunction[ ][4][15][35][5]) //
function header

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 Other Multidimensional Arrays
To fill/print a multidimensional numeric array use loops
nested to the same level as dimensions.
To access individual elements, use array name and the
appropriate number of subscripts.

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 HOMEWORK – PART 1
1. Make a two dimensional array for a checkers board (8 x 8).  Declare this array manually (no for loops). The
output should look like this:

_W_W_W_W

W_W_W_W_

_W_W_W_W

________

________

B_B_B_B_

_B_B_B_B

B_B_B_B_

2.  Use nested for loops to store and display the following 2D array

12345

2 4 6 8 10

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 HOMEWORK – PART 2
3. Use a 2D array to store the multiplication of numbers 1-12.  Output
the array into a chart with lines between values. 
EXAMPLE:
_____________
|x| 1 | 2 | 3 |...
|1| 1 | 2 | 3 | ...
|2| 2 | 4 | 6| ..
|3| 3 | 6 | 9| ...
|...

4. Let the user enter data into a 2 by 3 array and neatly display data
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