CHAPTER 12 :

TEXT
INFORMATIO
N AND MEDIA
 OBJECTIVES
To describe the different
dimensions of text information and
media.
To analyze how text information
and media are formally and
informally produced, organized,
and disseminated.
To evaluate the reliability and
validity of text information and
media and their sources using
selection criteria.
To produce and evaluate a
creative text-based presentation
using design principle and
elements.
 LESSON 1:
DIFFERENT
DIMENSIONS OF
TEXT INFORMATION
AND MEDIA
 TEXT INFORMATION
• It is important to understand the
meaning of the word ”text”. Perhaps, it
is usual for someone to encounter this
term, especially that nowadays it can
be defined differently, depending on
the context.
• The word TEXT is defined by Merriam-
Webster as “original words of a piece of
writing or a speech.” Another definition
says that it means “ the words that make
up the main part of the book, magazine,
newspaper, website, etc.” In short, these
are words, which are used to create
meanings. Without texts, nothing can be
understood. For instance, no matter how a
gadgets is, if there is no manual for
instructions, it becomes worthless.
INFORMATION

Information has
already been clearly
defined in the
previous chapter of
this book. Generally,
it pertains to the
knowledge acquired
about things
surrounding a person.
If this two terms combined,
TEXT INFORMATION is
about interpreting words in
order to generate
knowledge.
 How text information affect media?
Nowadays, since the internet has
become the most immediate sources
of information, information text have
evolved even more. The use of
online trends like hashtags, like and
share buttons, are now being
integrated every time to
communicate. It is important though,
that these people adhere to the
understanding of their audience,
otherwise, this media effort is not
effective enough.
TEXT INFORMATION AND CULTURE
• The use of the hashtag sign (#) has
already elevated since its initial use as a
symbol for the number sign. Today, people
know that this sign is also used to make an
idea a trending topic online. This may not
be a problem, because the popularity of
hashtags is basically known all over the
world because people in the cyberspace
are expected to be aware of this term.
• This is exactly what the SEMIOTIC
THEORY suggests. This theory of
BARTHES has already explained how
people come up with meanings based on
their understanding and culture. Apparently,
text information is not designed to be taken
literally at all times. Critical people can
easily come up with conclusion on anything
textual. Culture is an important component
on connecting information with people.
 DENOTATION AND CONNNOTATION
• DENOTATION basically means that literal
interpretation of ideas. This may pertain to the actual
definition of a word provided by a dictionary, or the
obvious interpretation of a phrase or a sentences.
• CONNOTATION, a literary device that refers to the
selection of a word or phrase for its suggested
meaning instead of its literal one. It is the difference
between referring to an adult as “youthful” versus
“childish”: the definition of the words is the same, but
the implied meaning is very different.
END OF LESSON 1
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING AND
GOD BLESS YOU
ALL !!!!
LESSON 2 : FORMAL
AND INFORMAL
PRODUCTION,
ORGANIZATION, AND
DISSEMINATION OF
TEXT INFORMATION
AND MEDIA
FORMAL AND INFORMAL TEXT
INFORMATION
• FORMAL INFORMATION
• Information that is socially shared and is objective
is formal. Common example are personal records
like birth certificate, government records,
business documents, and others. These are
usually used for transactions and other formal
purposes.
• Formal information is driven by facts and actual
events.
 INFORMAL INFORMATION
• This kind of information is basically unsocial.
Often, this is highly opinionated and subjective.
One’s stand about an issue like abortion can be
informal, if no sufficient evidence is presented to
justify and validate his or her stand.
• Given these classifications of information, it is
important to also bear in mind the means of
properly producing, organizing, and
disseminating them. This will focus on the
means or channels of doing these processes.
PRODUCTION OF TEXT INFORMATION

• Information comes from instances,

events, and basically from all things
that happen in the environment.
EXAMPLES:
• Newspapers
• Magazines
• Books
• Websites (including social media
and blogs)
• E-mails
ON OF THE
TEXT
INFORMATIO
N
PARAGRAPHS
• English books define a
paragraph as a “ group of
sentences” that is driven
by a “single idea or topic.”
 LISTS
• List are enumeration of anything
under the sun. This organization
strategy offers an easier way to
remember ideas because unlike
paragraphs ideas are not cluttered
and are not too wordly.
TABLES
• Tables are representation of
data in a structured format,
which is composed of columns
and rows. This is highly
appropriate especially in dealing
with numbers and
classifications.
DISSEMINATION
OF THE TEXT
INFORMATION
AUDIENCE
ANALYSIS
 RELIABILITY AND
VALIDITY OF TEXT
INFORMATION AND
MEDIA AND THEIR
SOURCES USING
SELECTION
CRITERIA
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
• An analysis of age sex
and racial composition of
a population.
PRIMARY SOURCES
• Sources do not undergo
analysis and
interpretation.
• Apparently “raw”
EXAMPLES:
• INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS
• ACTUAL RECORDINGS
• OPINIONS
• LETTERS
 SECONDARY SOURCES
• Edited and interpreted materials.
• These sources are organized and
arranged in a way that will not
cause of confusion to the person
that gets the information.
EXAMPLES:
•Textbooks
•Essays
•Reviews
SELECTIO
N
CRITERIA
RELEVANCE
• The information seeker
has to be sure that the
data he or she gets
accurately meets the
requirement of his or her
queries.
 AUTHORITY
• It is always important to look at
the author’s. By doing this, the
information seeker can be sure
that he or she is on the right
track, because the information is
based on the expertise of the
“right” person.
TIMELESS/ CURRENCY
• They say nothing is permanent
in this world, except change.
Things naturally change over
time, and in that case, it is
crucial to always look at how
information also change if
necessary.
VALIDITY/ ACCURACY

• One has to make sure

that author is able to
provide reliable data lie
statistics and other
previous studies.
COVERAGE
•It is important to
look for information
that are complete.
BIAS
• The information seeker
has to look at possible
topics that are omitted
or even added to
practice transparency.
 END OF
LESSON 3
LESSON 4: PRODUCTION
AND EVALUATION OF
CREATIVE TEXT-BASED
PRESENTATION USING
DESIGN PRINCIPLE AND
ELEMENTS
 DESIGN
PRINCIPLE AND
ELEMENTS
THE FOUR PRINCIPLES OF
ELEMENTS

• Contrast
• Alignment
• Repetition
• proximity
CONTRAST
• It is important to consider :
• Size
• Color
• Type
• There should always be a good
balance in order to highlight important
ideas.
ALIGNMENT
• Matters in terms of word
placement
• Use of white or blank space
should be observe and
maintaining elegance should
always be at must.
REPETITION
• As a reminder of important terms
• This reminder is highlighted by
the use if different techniques in
putting more emphasis or the
word or terms.
PROXIMITY
• Simply means that words
close to one another are
perceived related.
• this can also due to font
style and size given
END OF
THE
LESSON