International Ocean

Transportation

Presented by :
Dhanraj Kumawat
(2021109)
WHY OCEAN TRANSPORTATION
• More than 2/3rds of the world’s surface is covered by water
• Ocean transport is most economical mode of transport.
• Freight cost constitutes a very insignificant factor when compared to
the cost of finished goods.
• Certain Industries need large inputs – Steel, Oil refinery , Power
generation plants etc. if this transportation done in any other mode it
will cost to much amount.
• Sea transport is one of the least environmentally damaging modes of
transport.
OCEAN TRANSPORTATION OVERVIEW

 More than 90% of global trade is by ocean.

 Moving over 10 billion tonnes of containers, solid and liquid bulk cargo
across the world's oceans annually
 Raw materials are shipped to Ports where there is Industrial activity.
 Manufactured goods are then shipped out across the world.
TYPES OF SHIPS

• Tankers • Cruise Vessels

• Gas Carriers • Tugs
• Bulk Carriers • Barges
• Container Vessels
• RO / RO
• Tween Deckers
DOCUMENTATION IN OCEAN TRANSPORTATION

• Tally Sheet
Records the quantity & condition of cargo loaded and discharged
during operations.

• Mates’ Receipt
Receipt issued by chief officer of a vessel stating the quantity &
condition of goods loaded on board the It is exchanged for a Bill of Lading.

• B/L – Bill of Lading

Evidence of a Contract of Carriage,
Receipt of cargo
Document of Title
DOCUMENTATION IN OCEAN
TRANSPORTATION
• Cargo Manifest
Document that summarizes cargo details listed in Bs/L issued by the
Carrier for a particular vessel / voyage port wise.

• Freight Manifest
Document that summarizes cargo ,freight & other applicable charges against
each Bs/L issued by the Carrier for a particular vessel / voyage port wise.
MOST IMPORTANT CANAL IN OCEAN
TRANSPORTATION

• Panama Canal
• Suez Canal
• Kiel Canal
• Panama Canal
The Panama Canal is an manmade 82 km waterway in Panama that
connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and
South America. It is a popular trade route between Europe and America.
• Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is a manmade waterway in Egypt, connecting
the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea and dividing Africa and Asia. The
193.30 km long canal is a popular trade route between Europe and Asia.
• Kiel Canal
The Kiel Canal is the world's most busiest artificial waterway with an
annual average of 32,000 ships (90 daily), transporting approximately 100
million tonnes of goods. It connect Baltic sea and North sea.
80 Km
MOST IMPORTANT STRAIT IN OCEAN
TRANSPORTATION
• Strait of Malacca (Malaysia and Sumatra)

• Strait of Hormuz (UAE and Iran)

• Bosphorus Strait (Black sea and sea of Marmara)

• Gibraltar Strait (Spain and Morocco)

THANK YOU