MISTAKES IN

PRESENTATION AND
ANALYSIS

Chapter 4
Today' s Agenda
Form logical
conclusions • Write and present
clear
report
Make recommendations
based on conclusions
MISTAKES IN PRESENTATION AND
ANALYSIS

1. Absent or Unrelated data explanation

2. Absent or Unclear discussion section
3. Inability to engage counter arguments
4. Unanswered research questions
5. Inconsistency in reference list
1. Absent or Unrelated data explanation

Mistakes in writing result section

• You describe everything written on your table

• Disorganization in your results section,

especially when ideas jump from one table to
another, or from one figure to another
Remember these when writing the result section:

1. When writing the result section, do not interpret your results

but rather provide evidence for your interpretation and
discussion that will come later in your paper.

2. Think of your results section as a space for you to

accumulate firsthand evidence, organize it, and refer to it
when you have your research argument.

3. End your results with a short paragraph that synthesizes

your key findings.
 2. Absent or Unclear Discussion Section

You should not only give your evidence; you should also interpret it
to connect your evidence with your research argument.

Discussion section is a space for:

reminding the reader about the research question, argument, and

importance synthesizing findings, and understanding the deeper
meaning of your results connecting your results to broader insights
from your discipline or your topic noting unexpected ideas, and
considering alternative explanations of findings
Mistakes in Discussion
Section
letting the results section stand on its own
without discussion of its meaning
just repeating the results section
providing personal opinion
making broad generalizations
We can avoid disorganize or illogical discussion by following the
order of the components below:

Components of Discussion Section

1.research question and argument

2.summary and explanation of your findings
3.connection with previous literature or studies
4.alternative explanations and possible response t o
counterarguments
5.acknowledgment of limitations and suggestions for
further study
6.conclusion that talks about broader ideas and
pratical applications of the present study
3. INABILITY TO ENGAGE COUNTER-ARGUMENTS
provide your readers with the evidence and
•

reasoning that back up the arguments you

make.

4. UNANSWERED RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• make sure that the change that you will
make (if ever you will) is consistent across
your paper.
5. INCONSISTENCY IN REFERENCE LIST
• make sure that you use appropriate
documenting source material technique; check
as well the accuracy and consistency of your