UNIT 4 BECOMING A MEMBER

OF SOCIETY
LESSON 2: CONFORMITY AND
DEVIANCE
• Society makes various types of social control
depending on the situations. In primitive
societies beliefs and superstition are sufficient
enough for the control. In rural areas
folkways, norms, beliefs, customs and
traditions are used as means of social control,
while in modern societies formal agencies like
police, army, radio, newspapers, universities
are the means.
 TYPES OF SOCIAL CONTROL

• Direct control is exercised by the primary

groups like family, peer group, who praise or
condemn the behavior of an individual.
• Indirect control is exercised by the
secondary groups like traditions, customs,
institutions, etc.
 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE MEANS

• The positive means of social control is

through praise, prizes, fame, respect and
promotion.
• The negative means include criticism,
gossip, punishment and ostracism.
 FORMAL AND INFORMAL CONTROL

• Formal control is designed and regulated by

some authority like the government which
makes laws to control order.
• Informal control is the unwritten rules and
regulation characterized by informal authority
like criticism, sociability, and public opinion.
 SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION

• Cultural conflict suggests that deviant and

criminal behavior results when two
normative systems come into contact.
 LABELING
•The labeling theory of deviant
behavior suggests that what defines
deviance is the action of others or by
the actors themselves.
 VALUE CONFLICT

• This theory holds that acts are considered

criminal or deviant because they are at
variance with a group’s values.
UNIT 4 BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY
LESSON 3: HUMAN DIGNITY, RIGHTS, AND
THE COMMON GOOD
 MAN AS A MEMBER OF A POLITICAL
COMMUNITY

• A member of a political community must

be able to internalize the Preamble of the
Constitution by heart.
 THE PREAMBLE OF THE 1987 PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION STATES:

• We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody
our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth,
justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this
Constitution.
• Every individual is a member of the society that essentially establishes a body
politic called state or government which guarantees the rights and duties to its
citizens as enshrined in the Constitution.
 CITIZENSHIP

• Citizenship has been defined as “membership in a

political community which is personal and more or less
permanent in character.” It is the status or character
of being a citizen. And a citizen of a given state or
country is one who owes it permanent allegiance and
is entitled to its protection on the basis of the legal
and political conception of citizenship.
 HUMAN RIGHTS
• are rights inherent to all human beings,
whatever our nationality, place of residence,
sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion,
language, or any other status. We are all
equally entitled to our human rights without
discrimination. These rights are all
interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
• Every member of the society deserves human
dignity. Human dignity refers to an individual
or group's sense of self-respect and self-
worth, physical and psychological
integrity and empowerment. Moral, ethical,
legal, and political discussions use the concept
of dignity to express the idea that every person
has an innate right to be valued, respected,
and to receive ethical treatment.
 INCLUSIVE CITIZENSHIP
• As citizens we always think of the promotion of the
common good or general welfare.
• A responsible citizen promotes the common good by
obeying the law, paying taxes honestly, informing
himself about important political issues, volunteering in
the community and respecting the rights and opinions of
others.
• A responsible citizen is willing to sacrifice his individual
interests for the collective good of the nation. He
remembers his civic duties and serves his country despite
any discomfort such a course might bring.
• Responsible citizens listen to others with
sincerity and work with fellow citizens to
find the best solution to problems.