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CH 08
CH 08
CH 08
8
CHAPTER
STATICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Friction
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Contents
Introduction
• In preceding chapters, it was assumed that surfaces in contact were
either frictionless (surfaces could move freely with respect to each
other) or rough (tangential forces prevent relative motion between
surfaces).
• However, the friction forces are limited in magnitude and will not
prevent motion if sufficiently large forces are applied.
• There are two types of friction: dry or Coulomb friction and fluid
friction. Fluid friction applies to lubricated mechanisms. The
present discussion is limited to dry friction between nonlubricated
surfaces.
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8-3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Editio
Ninth
• Kinetic-friction force:
Fk k N
k 0.75 s
Angles of Friction
• It is sometimes convenient to replace normal
force N and friction force F by their resultant R:
Angles of Friction
• Consider block of weight W resting on board with
variable inclination angle
• All applied forces known • All applied forces known • Coefficient of static
friction is known
• Coefficient of static friction • Motion is impending
is known • Motion is impending
• Determine value of
• Determine whether body coefficient of static friction. • Determine magnitude or
will remain at rest or slide direction of one of the
applied forces
Fy 0 : N - 54 300 lb 0
N 240 lb
• Calculate maximum friction force and compare
with friction force required for equilibrium. If it is
greater, block will not slide.
Fm s N Fm 0.25240 lb 48 lb
Wedges
Square-Threaded Screws
• Square-threaded screws frequently used in jacks, presses, etc.
Analysis similar to block on inclined plane. Recall friction
force does not depend on area of contact.
Q
tan s Q 17.97 kN tan 9.4
W
Q 2.975 kN
R23 R13
23 k P
R22 R12
Belt Friction
• Relate T1 and T2 when belt is about to slide to right.
• Draw free-body diagram for element of belt
Fx 0 : T T cos T cos s N 0
2 2
Fy 0 : N T T sin T sin 0
2 2
• Combine to eliminate N, divide through by ,
T T sin 2
cos s T
2 2 2
• In the limit as goes to zero,
dT
sT 0
d
• Separate variables and integrate from 0 to
T2 T2
ln s or e s
T1 T1
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 - 28
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Editio
Ninth
M A 163.1lb ft