REFRACTION OF LIGHT Safeet Shahbaz

MCQ 1
Speed of light is fastest in:

A: Spectacle glass
B: Cornea
C: Aqueous humor
D: Intraocular lens
MCQ 2
When light travels from a medium of higher refractive index to a medium of
lower refractive index, it bends:

A: Towards the interface

B: Away from the interface
C: Towards the normal
D: Away from the normal
MCQ 3
In this diagram showing the
phenomenon of “Dispersion”,
identify the correct sequence of rays:

A: 1.Blue 2.Yellow 3.Red

B: 1.Red 2. Blue 3.Yellow
C: 1.Blue 2.Red 3.Yellow
D: 1.Red 2.Yellow 3.Blue
MCQ 4
The critical angle is the angle of incidence that produces a
transmitted/refracted ray:

A: 95 degrees to the surface normal

B: Perpendicular to the surface normal
C: Parallel to the surface normal
D: Perpendicular to the incident ray
MCQ 5
1 2 4

n2 n1

If n2 is greater than n1 , which ray is not obeying the laws of refraction or reflection?
A: 1 B: 2 C: 3 D: 4
OBJECTIVES
Laws of refraction (Snell's Law)
Refraction at a plane surface
Refraction at curved surfaces
Critical angle and total internal reflection
Dispersion and Scattering
DEFINITION
Refraction is defined as the change in direction of light when it passes from one
transparent medium into another of different optical density.
REFRACTIVE INDEX
Absolute Refractive Index:
 the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in a specified medium.

Refractive Index:
 the ratio of the velocity of light in air to its velocity in a specified medium.
REFRACTIVE INDEX
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Silicon IOLs
Screening for Diabetes Mellitus
LAWS OF REFRACTION
Snell's law states that:
The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal all lie in the same plane.
The angles of incidence and refraction are related to the refractive index of the media by the
equation:

n11 = n22 OR
LAWS OF REFRACTION
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
REFRACTION AT A PLANE
SURFACE
REFRACTION AT A PLANE
SURFACE
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
REFRACTION AT CURVED
SURFACES
TOTAL INTERNAL
REFLECTION
Total internal reflection (TIR) occurs when light travels from a high-index medium
to a
low-index medium and the angle of incidence exceeds a certain critical angle.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
DISPERSION OF LIGHT
The splitting of a light ray into its component colors is known as dispersion of light.
Light of shorter wavelength is deviated more than light of longer wavelength, e.g.
blue light is deviated more than red.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Chromatic Aberration
Duochrome Tests
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
SCATTERING
A change in the direction of motion of a photon as the result of a collision or
interaction.
Short wavelengths of light are scattered more strongly than are longer wavelengths.
Larger particles scatter light more intensely than do smaller particles.
Three mechanisms of light scattering: Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, and the
Tyndall effect-influence the perception of light.
THANK YOU