ATTRACTI

VE
FORCES
 ATTRACTIVE
FORCES
❏ Forces of attraction that hold
two or more atoms together.

❏ Are forces that exist between

molecules
 ATTRACTIVE
FORCES
1. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES 2.
OF ATTRACTION INTRAMOLECULAR
FORCES
AN ATTRACTIVE FORCE
THAT ACTS BETWEEN A (BONDING FORCES)-
MOLECULE AND AN ATTRACTIVE
ANOTHER MOLECULE. FORCE THAT ACTS
WITHIN THE
MOLECULE.
 INTERMOLECULAR
FORCE
❖AN ATTRACTIVE FORCE THAT ACTS
BETWEEN A MOLECULE AND
ANOTHER MOLECULE.

❖INTERMOLECULAR FORCES ARE

WEAK COMPARED TO
INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES.
 5 TYPES OF
INTERMOLECULAR
1.ION- DIPOLE FORCE
2.DIPOLE-DIPOLE
3.H- BOND
4.LONDON
DISPERSION
5. Van Der Waal’s
1. ION-DIPOLE FORCES (ION AND A POLAR
MOLECULE)
RESULTS WHEN AN
ION AND THE
PARTIAL CHARGE
FOUND AT THE END
OF A POLAR
MOLECULE
ATTRACT EACH
OTHER.
EXAMPLES
2. DIPOLE-DIPOLE
❖ POLAR MOLECULES ATTRACT
EACH OTHER WHEN THE
POSITIVE END OF ONE
MOLECULE IS NEAR TO THE
NEGATIVE END OF ANOTHER.
❖ WEAKER THAN ION-DIPOLE
FORCE
❖ THE MORE POLAR THE
SUBSTANCE, THE STRONGER
ITS DIPOLE-DIPOLE
INTERACTION.
3. ❖
HYDROGEN BONDING
ATTRACTIVE INTERACTION
BETWEEN HYDROGEN
ATOM BONDED TO AN
ELECTRONEGATIVE
ELEMENT (F,O,N)
❖PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE
IN LIFE PROCESSES
❖WATER, DNA AND PROTEIN
• EXIST BETWEEN ALL ATOMS AND
MOLECULES
4. LONDON DISPERSION
• ONLY ATTRACTIVE FORCES
BETWEEN NON-POLAR
FORCES
MOLECULES AND NOBLE GAS
ATOMS. (CL2 AND CH4)
• THE WEAKEST
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
• THE LONDON DISPERSION
FORCE IS A TEMPORARY
ATTRACTIVE FORCE THAT
RESULTS WHEN THE ELECTRONS
IN TWO ADJACENT ATOMS
OCCUPY POSITIONS THAT MAKE
THE ATOMS FORM TEMPORARY
DIPOLES.
• EXPLAINED IN 1930 BY FRITZ
LONDON A GERMAN SCIENTIST
3 TYPES OF LONDON
DISPERSION
1. ION-INDUCED DIPOLE
2. DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLES
3. INDUCED DIPOLE - INDUCED
DIPOLE ATTRACTION
3 TYPES OF LONDON
DISPERSION
1. ION-INDUCED DIPOLE
❖THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN A CHARGED
ION AND A NONPOLAR MOLECULE
3 TYPES OF LONDON
DISPERSION
2. DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLES
❖THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN A POLAR
MOLECULE AND NONPOLAR MOLECULE
❖THE POLAR MOLECULE INDUCES A TEMPORARY
DIPOLE IN THE NONPOLAR MOLECULE
3 TYPES OF LONDON
3. INDUCED DIPOLE - INDUCED DIPOLE
DISPERSION
ATTRACTION
❖ FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN TWO NONPOLAR
MOLECULES
 RELATIVE
TYPE OF IMFA PRESENT IN
STRENGTH
1. LONDON ALL MOLECULES WEAK
DISPERSION
2. DIPOLE-DIPOLE POLAR MOLECULES MODERATE
FORCE STRONG
3. HYDROGEN MOLECULES WITH H-F, H- STRONG
BONDING O, H-N BONDS

IONIC COMPOUNDS STRONGEST

4. ION-DIPOLE DISSOLVED IN POLAR
SOLVENT
Which has the stronger
intermolecular forces?

A. N2 B. H2O
WHAT TYPE OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
WILL ACT IN THE FOLLOWING
SUBSTANCES

A.SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2)

B. NITROGEN GAS (N2)
C. HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (HF)