QUALITY CONTROL

ON
CONSTRUCTION SITE
 INTRODUCTION

Quality assurance in construction activities guides

the use of correct structural design, specifications
and proper materials ensuring that the quality of
workmanship by the contractor/subcontractor is
achieved and finally maintain the structure after
construction is complete through periodic
assessments for maintenance and repairs. Quality
control assurance is carried out by a separate third
party agency engaged by the owner.
 MATERIAL QUALITY
• Ensure quality of materials to ensure the quality of work(product)
• Quality and property of each item used in construction shall be
specified.
• Select appropriate type of materials for different types of materials
for different type of construction for different places.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

• Cement
• Sand
• Course aggregate
• Water
• Reinforcing steel bars
• Bricks
• Building stones
• Wood timber
 Quality of cement

Good quality
• Sets within appropriate duration
• Achieves required compressive strength within time.
• Fully powder form in well packed slacks.

Bad quality
• Sets quickly or does not set within appropriate time
• Doesn’t get strength within specified time duration.
• Contains some already hardened particle.
 
Quality of Coarse aggregate

• Strong, durable, and granular

• Hard with minimum abrasion value
• Well graded
• Not containing flaky and elongated particles
• Free from clay and silt
• Not containing organic materials
Quality of sand

•  Fill a jar with dry sand up to

60 mm
• Fill water up to 25 mm above
the sand
• Add one spoon salt
• Shake until mixture is
uniform
• Let the jar in still position
three hours.
• Measure silt above the sand.
• Silt should not be greater
than 5%
 
Quality of Bricks

 
• Minimum compressive strength
– 3.5 N/mm2
• Well burnt, uniform red colour,
smooth surface finish.
• Regular and uniform size and
shape.
Quality of Water

• Should be clean
• Free from any other deleterious materials to concrete and steel.
• Potable water is generally satisfactory
Reinforcement placement

• All main bars shall be truly straight and in line.

• Lapping shall be only at the specified location.
• Stirrups shall comply all the requirement and tied
to all main reinforcement.
• Top and bottom bars shall be spaced with the
help of chairs.
• Clear cover shall be truly maintained.
• Cover blocks of specified size shall be used.
PREPARATION OF QUALITY
CONCRETE
• Quality control means rational use of resources.
• Quality control procedures implement appropriate
mixing, proper compaction, correct placement and
adequate curing.
• Quality control prevents temptation of over design.
• Quality control ensures strict monitoring of every
stage of concrete production and rectification of
faults.
• Quality control reduces maintenance costs.
 
FORMS

•All forms shall be well constructed.

•All forms shall be carefully aligned.
•All forms shall be subtle and firm.
•All forms shall be securely braced and
fastened together in their final position.
Mortar preparation
• Batch the cement and sand in desired ratio accurately with the
help of batching box.
• Mix the batch in dry condition at least three times until it becomes
homogeneous.
• Add water as per cement ratio and then mix properly.
• Use mortar within half an hour after adding water.
QUALITY CONTROL TESTS

Slump Test
Flow Table Test
Compressive strength Test
 Slump Test
•The mould for the slump test is a cone, 305mm (12in) high. It is placed in a
smooth surface with smaller opening at the top.
•It filled with concrete in three layers.
•Each layer is tamped 25 times with a standard 16 mm (5/8 in) diameter steel rod,
rounded at the end, and the top surface is stuck off by means of screening and
rolling motion of the tamping rod.
•The mould must be firmly held against its base during the entire operation; this
is facilitated by handles or footrests braze to the mould.
•Immediately after filling, the cone is slowly lifted, and the unsupported concrete
will now slump.
•The decreases in the height of the center of the slumped concrete is measured to
the nearest (1/4 in), 5mm. In order to reduce the influence of the friction on the
slump variation, the inside of the mould and its base should be moistened at the
beginning of every test, and prior to lifting of the mould the area immediately.
• The test must be comply with ASTM C 143-78.
 100 + 2 mm

300 + 2 mm

200 + 2 mm
© Dr. Mohamed Abdallah El-Reedy
Email:elreedyna@gmail.com
Measurement Allowance In Case of Determine the Required Slump

The required slump (mm) The allowance (mm)

 
< 50 + 10
 

 
50 –100
+ 20
 
> 100
+ 30
 Flow Table Test
• This test is comply with BS1881part 105 of 1984 and DIN
1048 part I
• The slump cone is placed centrally on the table.The slump
cone is filled with concrete in two equal layer each layer
tamped lightly 10 times with the wooden bar.
• After 30 sec. The cone is slightly raised. The table-top raised
by the handle and allowed to fall 15 times in 15 seconds.
• The conc. diameter is measured in two directions parallel to
the table edge. The arithmetic mean of the two diameter
will be the flow measurement in mm.
• 400 mm indicate medium workability and 500 mm high
workability
 CONCLUSION
Causes for poor quality can be summarised as ignorance, poor
materials, poor design, poor detailing, poor workmanship, improper
quantity of cement, improper concrete mix, excess water, inadequate
compaction, substandard forms, inadequate curing, inadequate cover,
poor construction practices, poor supervision and above all lack of
technical knowledge.