Routing

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Contents
Introduction
IP Routing
Routing
Tables
Routing
Component
Routing Algorithms
Introduction
R o u ti n g is t h e p r o c e s s of fo r w a r d i n g p a c ke t s f r o m o n e
n e t w o r k to t h e d e sti n ati o n a d d r e s s i n a n o t h e r n et wo r k .
Rou te r, a p a c k e t fo r w a r d i n g d e v i c e b e t w e e n t w o
n e t wo r k s , is d e s i g n e d to t ra n s m i t p a c ke t s b a s e d o n t h e
var i ou s ro u te s sto re d i n r o u ti n g tables. E a c h ro u te is
k n o w n a s a r o u ti n g entry.
I P Routing
IP performs:
Search for a matching host address
Search for a matching network
address Search for a default entry

Routing done by IP router, when it searches the

routing table and decide which interface to end a
packet out.
 Routing Tables
Routing is carried out in a router by
consulting routing table.

No unique format for routing tables,

typically table contains:

address of a destination
IP address of next hop
router network interface to
be used subnet mask for the
interface distance to the
destination
Routing Component
Three important routing
elements:
1.algorithm
2.database
3.protocol
Algorithm: can be differentiate based on several
key characteristics.
Database: table in routers or routing table.
Protocol: the way information for routing to
Routing Algorithms

Design Goals
O p ti m a l i t y - c o m p u t e t h e b e st route.
S i m p l i c i t y / l o w o v e r h e a d - effi cient w i t h a m i n i m u m
soft ware a n d uti lizati on overhead.
R o b u s t n e s s / stability - p e r fo r m correctly in t h e face
of u n u s u a l c i rc um sta n c e s .
Rapid convergence -
Routing Protocols
Routing protocol: protocol to exchange of
information between routers about the current
state of the network.

Routing protocol jobs

1.create routing table entries
2.keep routing table up-to date
3.compute the best choice for the next hop router
 Routing Metrics
How do we decide that one route is better
than another?
Solution: using as a metric measurement to
compare routes.
Metrics may be distance, throughput, delay, error,
rate and cost.
Today, IP supports Delay, Throughput, Reliability,
and Cost (DTRC)
Thank You
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