CRACKS IN CONCRETE

CRACKS IN CONCRETE

lntroduction-1
Classifications-2
Concrete removal, preparation-3
References-4
INTRODUCTION
The reasons as repeated thermal cycle,
accidental overloading, drying shrinkage,
inadequate design or construction, or some
. other causes
This paper is to provide guidance on
classification of concrete cracks and
discusses removal of the existing concrete,
preparation of concrete cracks are caused
due to many concrete surface to receive
repair materials and methods for repairing
. the reinforcement bars
 CLASSIFICATIONS
.SHRINKAGE CRACKS 1

.CRACKS DUE TO CARBONATION OF CONCRETE 2

.CRACKS IN REINFORCED SLABS 3

.CRACKS IN BEAMS 4

.CRACKS IN COLOUMNS 5

. CRACKS IN REINFORCED WALL 6

.CRACKS DUE TO STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS 7

 CLASSIFICATIONS
.SHRINKAGE CRACKS 1
Common crack is shown widely in walls
, and slabs so must put joint every 12 m
And for cover of reinforcement bars when
it is more than 4 cm or less than 1 cm so
must put mesh of wires and improve the
.mix
 CLASSIFICATIONS
.CRACKS DUE TO CARBONATION OF CONCRETE 2-2

Especially in coastal area the carbonation of

concrete allows humidity to reach to the bars then
.corrosion will occur
So must make cover of bars more than 4 cm and
.paint the concrete and improve the mix
CLASSIFICATIONS
.CRACKS IN BEAMS 2-3

: thermal Cracks 2-3-1

As vertical cracks through total
height of beam and same thickness
; and in L/5 of beam near support

: Bending Cracks 2-3-2

These cracks exist in maximum
moment zones at middle of span
and at support
 CLASSIFICATIONS
.CRACKS IN BEAMS 2-3

: shear Cracks 2-3-3

Cracks at 45 with horizontal axis
) diagonal tension(
.Reason : shear reinforcement is less than required

: Torsion Cracks 2-3-4

Continuous Cracks at 45 with horizontal axis
) diagonal tension(
CLASSIFICATIONS
.CRACKS IN COLOUMNS

: Bending Cracks 1
These cracks exist in maximum
moment zones

: Cracks due to stirrups 2

Vertical Cracks
Reason : lateral tension

: Cracks due to settlement 3

Horizontal Cracks
Reason : tension force because
Horizontal or vertical movement
.Of foundation
 CLASSIFICATIONS
.CRACKS IN REINFORCED SLABS

Reason : the reinforcement bars is

. less than required
CLASSIFICATIONS
. CRACKS IN REINFORCED WALL

: Bending Cracks 1
These cracks exist in maximum
moment zones when wall does
as beam

: shear Cracks 2
Cracks at 45 with horizontal
axis (diagonal tension )

: Cracks due to weight 3

Horizontal Cracks
Concrete removal, preparation
Surface preparation

Methods of surface preparation-Typical methods

.a) Chemical cleaning
In most cases chemical cleaning methods of surface preparation are not appropriate for
use with the Concrete repair materials. However, with certain coatings under certain
conditions, it may be possible to use detergents, phosphate, and various proprietary
.concrete cleaners
it is important that all traces of the cleaning agent be removed after the contaminating
.material is removed
b) Acid etching. Acid etching of concrete surfaces has long been used to remove
laitance and normal amounts of dirt. The acid will remove enough cement paste
.to provide a roughened surface which will improve the bond of replacement materials

c) Mechanical preparation. This technique consists of mechanically removing thin

.layers of surface concrete using such equipment as impacting tools (breakers
scabblers), grinders, and scarifier. Depending on the equipment used, a variety of
.surfaces may be obtained
d) Abrasive preparation. This technique consists of removing thin layers of
,surface concrete using abrasive equipment such as sandblasters, shotblasters
.or high pressure water blasters
Concrete removal, preparation
surface preparation
Reinforcement repair

Removal of concrete surrounding steel 1

removal of the deteriorated concrete surrounding the
.reinforcement

.Quantity to remove 2
All weak, damaged and easily removable concrete should be
.chipped away

3Inspection of reinforcing steel

.steel is capable of performing as intended by the designer

. Cleaning of reinforcement steel 4