Family Planning

PRESENTED BY - TEAM C 2
 30 JAKIR USSAIN SHAKIRA
31 JAMALPUR RAHUL
32 JAMI DINESH
Group Members
33 JEYAKUMAR RUPESH
OBJECTIVES

WHO - the use of a range of methods of a fertility

regulation to help individuals or couples attain certain
objectives :

• Avoid unwanted birth

• bring about wanted birth
• produce a change in the no.if children born.
• Regulate the intervals between pregnancies.
• control time at which birth occurs.
FAMILY

It refers two or more

individuals who deppend on
one other for Emotional ,
Physical and Financial
support.
 FAMILY PLANNING

According to the World Health Organization

(WHO), family planning is defined as “the ability of
individuals and couples to anticipate and attain their
desired number of children and the spacing and
timing of their births. It is achieved through use of
contraceptive methods and the treatment of
involuntary infertility”. The importance of family
planning is clear from its benefits to individuals, as
well as to families, communities, and societies.
PURPOSE
BENIFITS

• BENIFITS TO MOTHER:

Reduce the health risk.

Below 20 yrs and above 35 y , At risk of
developing complications during pregnancy.
Physical strain of child bearing.
Reduce no.of maternal death.
Reduce the risk of Ovarian cysts
• BENEFITS TO CHILDREN

Ensure better chance of survival at birth.

Promote better chilhood nutrition.
Promote physical growth and development.
Prevent birth defects.
• BENEFITS TO FATHER

Allow father to keep a constant balance between

their physical , mental , social well-being.
Increase father sense of respect because he is
able to provide types of education and home
environment.
CRITERIA FOR IDEAL CONTRACEPTIVE
CONTRACEPTION

Contraception is defined as the

intentional prevention of conception through the
use of various devices, sexual practices,
chemicals, drugs, or surgical procedures. Thus,
any device or act whose purpose is to prevent a
woman from becoming pregnant can be
considered as a contraceptive.
METHODS OF FAMILY PLANNING

- Hormonal methods (pill, patch, ring, injection, implant)

-Traditional Methods (Coitus Interruptus or
withdrawal,Lactational Amenorrhoea Method,Rhythm
method ( tracking ovulation, basal body temperature,
cervical mucus) )
- Barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps)
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
- Sterilization (tubal ligation, vasectomy)
 HORMONAL METHOD

Oral Contraceptive Pills:

The combined pill consists of two hormones: estrogen and progesterone. This
is to be taken everyday orally by the woman. The pill works by preventing the
release of the egg, thickening of cervical mucus and by altering tubal motility. It is to
be prescribed after a medical check-up. Almost 100% effective if taken regularly.

Patch:

The contraceptive patch is a small sticky patch that releases hormones into
your body through your skin to prevent pregnancy When used correctly, the patch is
more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.Each patch lasts for 1 week. You
change the patch every week for 3 weeks, then have a week off without a patch.
• ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS • NON-CONTRACEPTIVE
ADVANTAGES: BENEFITS:
• very effective when used correctly Prevents:
• does not interrupt sex • endometrial cancer
• increased sexual enjoyment
• ovarian cancer
• light, regular monthly periods
• reversible
• pelvic inflammatory disease
• can be used by women at any age or parity • benign breast disease
• iron-deficiency anemia
DISADVANTAGES: • dysmenorrhea
• need to take the pill everyday
• not recommended for breastfeeding
women (combined OCP)
• does not protect against STIs
Vaginal Ring:
A vaginal ring is a contraceptive ring which sits inside the
vagina. It contains two hormones, oestrogen and progestogen and
stops ovaries from releasing an egg each month.It is inserted for 3
out of 4 weeks each month or it can be used continuously.It is 99%
effective.

Injectables :

These inhibit ovulation and also increase the viscosity of the

cervical secretions to form a barrier to sperms. It is a 99%
effective, easily administered method, suitable during lactation too.
INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES DISADVANTAGES:
ADVANTAGES: • delayed return of fertility of about 8-
• private 10 months after its contraceptive
• can be used by breastfeeding women effects
• no estrogen side effects • requires regular injections every 3
• no daily pill-taking
months (DMPA) or 2 months (Noristerat)
• allows some flexibility in return visits
• does not protect against STIs including
(2 weeks early or 2 weeks late)
• does not interrupt sex AIDS
• increased sexual enjoyment
• long-term pregnancy prevention but
reversible
Implants-Hormonal:
The Norplant capsule is implanted below the
skin by minor surgery. It suppresses ovulation,
creates thick cervical mucus which prevents sperms
from entering the cervix and also creates a thin,
atrophic endometrial lining. It is not related to coitus.
It is suitable for women seeking continuous
contraception. Its effect lasts for approximately 5
years and therefore it becomes a long term birth
spacing method.
TRADITIONAL METHOD
Coitus Interruptus or Withdrawal:

Involves withdrawal of penis from the vagina just before ejaculation, thus
preventing semen from entering the woman. This is perhaps the oldest contraceptive
method known to man, but it depends on the cooperation of the male partner. This is not a
reliable method and may fail if semen escapes before ejaculation or is left on external sex
organs.

Lactational Amenorrhoea Method:

Nursing women secrete hormones that prevent conception for about 6 months. It
prevails if there is no menses and full breast-feeding day and night is maintained.
Why does
continuous
breastfeeding
prevents
pregnancy?
NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHOD

Rhythm Method:
This method requires predicting
ovulation, the period when the woman is
most fertile, by recording the menstrual
pattern, or body temperature, or changes
in cervical mucus, or a combination of
these (symptom-thermal method).
Intercourse is avoided on fertile days.
 BARRIER METHOD
Male Condom:
In this, a thin rubber or latex sheath (condom) is
rolled on the erect penis before intercourse. It prevents
semen (sperms) from entering the woman. The method
is 95% effective if used correctly.

Female Condom:

This is a vaginal pouch made of latex sheath, with

one ring at each end. The closed end ring is inserted
inside the vagina and works as the internal anchor.
Outer portion covers and protects the external genitalia.
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:

• • interferes with sex

private
• no daily pill-taking
• can be use whenever it is needed
• cheap and readily available
everywhere
• supply must be ready at all times
• possibility that the condom will slip off or
break
• condom can weaken and tear if not stored
properly
• man’s cooperation is needed for the woman
to protect herself from pregnancy and
disease
• embarrassing for some people to buy, ask
partner to use, put on, take or throw away
Diaphragm:

A soft rubber cap is fitted into the

vagina shortly before the intercourse, to
cover the cervix, thus preventing sperms
from entering the uterus. It must be left in
place for at least 6 h after intercourse. The
method is much 87% effective, it is more
effective when used in combination with a
spermicidal cream to inactivate the sperms.
Cervical Cap:
A cervical cap is a little cup made from
soft silicone and shaped like a sailor's hat. You
put it deep inside your vagina to cover your
cervix.The cervical cap covers your cervix,
stopping sperm from joining an egg. In order
for a cervical cap to work best, it must be used
with spermicide.It is. 86%effective.
INTRAUTERINE DEVICE

IUD" stands for "intrauterine device." Shaped

like a "T" and a bit bigger than a quarter, an
IUD fits inside your uterus. It prevents
pregnancy by stopping sperm from reaching
and fertilizing eggs.They are long lasting,
easily reversible, safe and more than 99%
effective in preventing unintended pregnancy
CONTRAINDICATIONS

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
• Are not recommended for adolescents.
• Should not be used when the uterus is
retroverted.
• Should be avoided in cases of local
infections.
• Should not be performed by non experts.
ADVANTAGES:
• effective long-term prevention of pregnancy
• easy to use and does not interfere with
sexual intercourse
• increased sexual enjoyment because no
need to worry about pregnancy.
• has no / little systemic, hormonal side
effects
• provides immediate return to fertility upon
removal
• can be used during breastfeeding
• no interactions with medications
DISADVANTAGES:
• client cannot start or discontinue IUD use
on her own
• may be expelled
• need to check the position of the IUD
strings from time to time
• may increase the risk of pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID)
• does not protect against STIs
STERILIZATION - PERMANENT METHOD

Female Sterilization (Tubectomy):

This is a permanent surgical method in

which the fallopian tubes are cut and ends
tied to prevent the sperms from meeting the
eggs. It is a very reliable method requiring
only 1 day of hospitalization and can be
performed anytime, preferably after last
child’s birth. Rarely, the tubes may join and
fertility may return.
Male Sterilization (Vasectomy):
A permanent surgical method in which,
the vasa deferentia which carry the sperms
from the testes to the penis, are blocked. This
prevents the sperms from being released into
the semen at the time of ejaculation. It is a
simple and reliable method.
INDICATIONS

ADOLESCENTS
• Low dose pills at least two years after puberty.
• Injectables (depo -MPA)
• Local spermicides

UNDER 35 YEARS OLD

• All forms or methods may be used but depends on
different conditions.
OVER 35 YEARS OLD
• Sequential progestins to compensate
for luteal insufficiency.

PRE-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
• Continuous progestins to treat luteal insufficiency,
mastopathies, & endometrial hypertrophies.
POST-PARTUM WOMEN

• Minidose combined OCP’s • injectables (depo-MPA)

• Local spermicides
• Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)
for 6 months only
• Subdermal implant
IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY PLANNING
Family planning is the practice of controlling the number and
spacing of children. Family planning is important for several
reasons include:
● Improving maternal and child health by allowing women to
space out their pregnancies, family planning can reduce the
risk of maternal and infant mortality.
● By enabling families to have fewer children, family planning
can help to reduce poverty by allowing parents to invest more
resources in each child’s health, education and well-being.
● Family planning can help to prevent unintended pregnancies,
which can have a negative impact on the health and well-being
of both the mother and child.
● Family planning helps to protect women from any health risks
that may occur before, during or after childbirth.
● Family planning also addressing the problem of STDs, which
helps to reduce the rates of infertility.
SALAMAT
THANK YOU
HAVE A NICE DAY