Parts of Speech

The Eight Parts of Speech

 Nouns
 Adjectives
 Pronouns
 Verbs
 Conjunctions
 Prepositions
 Adverbs
 Interjections
 Nouns
 Example:
Names of persons,
Johnplaces,
has a new
things,
car, and
feelings,
he parks or
onideas.
the street under a big tree
in Filer.
 Nouns
 Example:
Names The
of persons, boythings,
places, on the red or
feelings, bike
ideas.
hit a bird with a rock at the end of the
 Often indicated by “noun markers” -- a,
long road.
an, and the.
 Nouns
 Example:
Noun endings: Happiness
-ness, is -ment,
the -ance,
preference
-ence, -ancy,
of every
-ency,action
-ity, -ion,
and-ure.
is the
tendency toward kindness and
contentment.
 Nouns
 Example:
Can be made plural
The needs
with s of
or the
es.
masses may conflict with expectations
of the members of legislative bodies.
 Verbs
 The horse
action ran,
or “doing”
jumpedwords
and kicked
in a until
itsentence.
threw the rider.
 Most verbs make sense in the blanks
below:
• He _________.
• They ________.
 Verbs
 Example:
The action or “doing” words in a
sentence.
She is a nice person, and we are her
 friends.
“Linking verbs” show being.
 Memorize the linking verbs:

Be, am, is, are, was,

were, been, being.
 Verbs
 Example:to show time (tense).
Change
 Today I am on a bus, and it goes past
my house.
 Yesterday I was on a bus, and it went
past my house.
The words that change are verbs.
 Verbs

 Complete
Always verbs
helping verbs:include “helping verbs.”
Can Will Shall May
Could Would Should Might
Must
 Always verbs, may be helping:
• Have, has, had
• Do, does, did, done
• Be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being
 Verbs
 Example: verbs include “helping verbs.”
Complete
They might have been going to the
store if they could have gotten a ride.
 Adjectives
 Example: or modify
Describe A big, red
onlydump
nouns.
truck hit a
parked little car and the worried driver
ran to the other side of the busy
street.
 Adjectives

 Describe
Example: or modify only nouns.
 Answer
The threequestions, “what
tired teens tried kind?”
to eat aor
large
“how many?”
pie at two pizza parlors.
 How many teens? three
 What kind of teens? tired
 What kind of pie? large
 How many parlors? two
 What kind of parlors? pizza
 Adjectives
 Example:
The “noun markers” a, an, the are
always
The wayadjectives.
to a smile and an appreciative
attitude is through the stomach.
 Adjectives

 Usually
Example:“piled up” before nouns.

The long, shiny black limousine pulled

in front of the huge old mansion, and a
tall, well-dressed older gentleman got
out.
 Adjectives

 May follow linking verbs and describe the subject.
Example:
The river is deep, wide and cold, but the
divers are brave and well-trained.
Note: to test these, try
putting them in front of
the noun they modify.
 Pronouns
 Example: words to take the place of
Specialized
nouns.
Paul gave Emily stationery because he
wanted her to write to him when she
could.
 Pronouns
 Memorize:
Often refer to people and have several
Iforms.
he we she they
me him us her them
 Other common pronouns:
• you, it, this, that, who, what, someone,
everything, anyone, and many other similar
words.
 Pronouns
 Example:
May be possessive, showing ownership
and working
Her red car islike an adjective.
faster than my old Ford,
but their new Honda cost more than
ours.
 Note the form:
I he we she they
me him us her them
my his our hers theirs
Others: yours, its, whose
 Prepositions
 The man on words
Specialized the bus
towith
startaprepositional
hat on his
phrases.
head looked at me and turned toward
A the window. phrase
prepositional
is a group of words
describing things
which starts with a
preposition and ends
with a noun or pronoun.
 Prepositions
 Memory clue:
Specialized words to start prepositional
Thephrases.
rabbit went _____
Most
the prepositions
hollow log. are small, common
 words indicating time, place or position.
Memorize:
at, from, to, on, in,
into, onto, between,
under, over, against,
around, through
 Prepositions
 Example:
Some prepositions simply must be
Thememorized.
problem with him
is that he sleeps
during the day and
spends most of the
night with his friends.
 Memorize:

of, with, for, during

 Conjunctions
 Example:
Words which “hook” words, phrases, or
sentences.
She and I left, but they
Memory clue: FAN BOYS.
stayed, for Joe or Ted
For But
was
And coming
Or on the
bus, yet
Nor Yet not on time.
So
 Conjunctions
 Example:
Some conjunctions only hook clauses.
IThey
ran when
include:
I saw her
when, as,I if,
because was since,
happy
because,
since she while,
was home.
after,
although,
 Memorybefore
clue:
She is cute _____ she smiles.
 Adverbs
 She quickly
Describe verbs,
ran to
adjectives,
her extremely
or other
tired
adverbs.
friend and gave him a very big hug.
 Adverbs
Soon thethe
Answer very
adverb
able questions:
pilot confidently
How?flew
When?
west, and
Where?
thus he
Why?
almost
Under
crashed.
what
conditions?
When? soon
Where? west
How? very,confidently
Why? thus
What conditions? almost
 Adverbs
Example:
Often end in -ly
He drives the car carefully
 Adverbs
 Example:
Always adverbs: not very, often, here,
Wealmost,
do notalways, never, there
very often
want them here, for
they are always late
and almost never want
to go there with us.
 Interjections
 Example:
Words which show emotion or are
“fillers”
Oh, with no other
I am surprised, butfunction.
please don’t do it
again. Ouch, you hurt
me.