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Arc Flash Hazardous Analysis - Group 5
Arc Flash Hazardous Analysis - Group 5
ANALYSIS
Group 5
Petes, Neil
Pongyan, Clarenze
Quilalang, Joshua Leonin, Leander
Arc duration is a function of the arcing current and the protective device
type and settings
Osha through nfpa 70e requires arc flash calculations and energized
work permits
Workers are required to wear the proper ppe when inspecting and
servicing equipment
Arc Flash Risk Assessment
(Hazard Analysis)
ARC FLASH RISK
ASSESSMENT
Arc Flash Hazard Study / Analysis is a calculation
performed by Professional Engineer to determine the
thermal incident energy found at each location which
determines the various arc flash boundaries and what
personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used in
approaching each boundary.
- Size (AWG/mm2)
- Length
Conductors - Qty. per phase
- Conductor material
- Duct material
- Model
- Trip or sensor setting
- The following information is as it
Breakers applies to the particular breaker: Plug,
LTPU, LTD, STPU, STD, and INST
Fuses - Model
- Trip
Motors - Nominal HP
Arc Flash Analysis Process
2. Determine modes of operation
Many electrical systems, especially in smaller facilities, have only a
single mode of operation. In large facilities, however, it is common to find
a number of operating modes.
Arc Flash Analysis Process
STEP 3: DETERMINE THE BOLTED FAULT CURRENTS
The bolted fault current is the current that would flow through a short
circuit consisting of two conductors bolted together. It is the maximum
current available to flow through a short circuit.
IIEE-1584-2002
E = 4.184(Cf)(En)(t/0.2)(610x/Dx)
DB =[4.184(Cf)(En)(t/0.2)(610x/EB)]1/x
Where:
DB= distance of the boundary from the arcing point
(mm);
Cf = is a calculation factor (1.0 for voltages above 1 kV,
and 1.5 for voltages below 1 kV);
En = normalized incident energy;
t = arc duration in seconds;
EB= incident energy at the boundary distance (J/cm 2);
EB can be set at 5.0 J/cm2 (1.2 cal/cm2) for bare skin.
x = distance exponent;
Example:
En =100.682968
En = 4.8191 J/cm2
Where:
K1 = -0.792 for open-air arcs and -0.555 for enclosed arcs;
K2 = 0 for ungrounded/high-Z systems and -0.113 for grounded
systems;
Example:
E = 4.0535 J/cm2
E = 0.97 cal/cm2
Equipment class Working Equipment Type D (Distance
distance Exponent)
Low-voltage 24" Open air 2.0
switchgear
Low-voltage (.208-1 1.473
kV) switchgear
15 kV/5 kV 36"
switchgear High-voltage (1-15 0.973
kV) switchgear
Low-voltage MCCs 18"
and panel boards Low-voltage MCCs 1.641
and panels
Cables 18" Cables 2.0
DB = 402.3 mm or DB = 15.84 in
Classification of PPE based on arc flash analysis
Incident Energy Incident Energy To Hazard Risk Clothing Description Hand & Arm Foot Protection PPE Others
From (cal/cm2) (cal/cm2) Category Protection
- Safety glasses,
electrically rated hard
4 8 2 Arc-rated FR Shirt & Leather Gloves Leather work shoes hat with hood and face
Pants shield.
- Hearing protection.
- Safety glasses,
Arc-rated FR Shirt & electrically rated hard
8 25 3 Pants & Arc Flash Suit Arc-rated Gloves Leather work shoes hat with hood and face
shield.
- Hearing protection.
- Safety glasses,
Arc-rated FR Shirt & electrically rated hard
25 40 4 Pants & Arc Flash Suit Arc-rated Gloves Leather work shoes hat with hood and face
shield.
- Hearing protection.
40 999 Dangerous! No FR Category Found Do not work on live! Do not work on live! - No FR Category
Found
PROTECTING YOURSELF FROM AN ARC FLASH WITH
PE.
- There are many ways to achieve arc flash protection, but quite often your only option will
be to use electrical arc flash PPE.
- Incident energy is the amount of heat energy produced by the arc flash explosion.
Typically, it’s measured in calories per square centimeter (cal/cm2). So let’s say the worker
are standing in front of 30 amp disconnect (600 volts) and an arc flash occurs. The worker
would be exposed to a certain amount of heat energy.
ARC FLASH SHIRTS
- Most arc rated shirts will have
an arc rating around 8 cal/cm2.
mwg comfort weave 9.0 cal pmmi c54 long sleeve 8.0 cal
strata arc corporate 8.5 cal
oberon inherent fr 12 cal steel grip coveralls 20 cal strata arc global 10 cal
combo
HEARING PROTECTION
- During normal working conditions,
noise may not be an issue, but in an arc
flash event, the sound is extremely high
and can cause damage.
HAND PROTECTION
- Rubber insulated gloves with leather
protectors become the primary source of
protection from electrical hazards (these
protect from both shock and arc flash).
rubber insulated leather protector bdg arc flash glove
glove
FOOT PROTECTION
- Leather is a great protector from heat energy and most times your feet are far
enough away from the source of energy that they are not exposed to the full brunt of
the arc flash.
- Dielectrically rated leather boots are perfect for an electrical worker.
Leather Boots
Dielectric Boots
IEEE 1584 Standard
IEEE 1584-2002: Guide performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations
IEEE 1584-2004: Amendment 1
IEEE 1584-2011: Amendment 2
IEEE 1584-2018: Guide performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations
Recognized Calculation Method
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Standards 29 CFR Part 1910: Occupational Safety and Health Standards
(932 at 600 V)
(325 at 2.7 kV)
(202 at 4.0 kV)
(400 at 15 kV)
Calculation Parameters
2002 2018
Voltage Voltage
Bolted Fault Current Bolted Fault Current
Arc Time Arc Time
Working Distance Working Distance
Electrode Gap Electrode Gap
Distance Factor Enclosure Size
Enclosure Type Electrode Configuration System
Grounding
Range of Model - Voltage
2002 2018
208 V – 15 kV 208 V – 15 kV
15 kV Switchgear 152 mm
15 kV MCC 152 mm
5 kV Switchgear 104 mm
5 kV MCC 104 mm
15 kV Switchgear 36 in
15 kV MCC 36 in
5 kV Switchgear 36 in
5 kV MCC 36 in
Enclosed VCB
VCBB
HCB
Voltage Height
Equipment Type Width
Depth
Enclosure Size (IEEE Typical
Values)
Equipment Type HxWxD
15 kV Switchgear 45 x 30 x 30 in.
15 kV MCC 36 x 36 x 36 in.
5 kV Switchgear 36 x 36 x 36 in.
5 kV Switchgear 45 x 30 x 30 in.
5 kV MCC 26 x 26 x 26 in.
600 V 600 V
2 Seconds 2 Seconds
Reasonable Maximum Time Reasonable Maximum Time