Subject: Mathematics

Topic: Percentage and its Applications

Grade: VIII

CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 1 of 10

 Read the following example
Ashish bought a bike for himself at ₹ 2,50,000 and sold it to
his friend at ₹ 2,80,000.

At what price did Ashish get the bike? ₹ 2,50,000

At what price did he sell the bike

to his friend?
₹ 2,80,000

How much extra money did he get

₹ 30,000
in this transaction?

What is that extra money called? Profit

CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 2 of 10
 Read the following example again
Ashish bought a bike for himself at ₹ 2,50,000 and sold it to
his friend at ₹ 2,00,000.

At what price did Ashish get the bike? ₹ 2,50,000

At what price did he sell the bike

to his friend?
₹ 2,00,000

How much less money did he get

₹ 50,000
in this transaction?

What is that less money called? Loss

CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 3 of 10
 Cost Price and Selling Price
Raj buys a table fan at ₹ 1200 from a wholesaler.
He sells it to a customer at ₹ 2000.

What is the cost price? ₹ 1200 ₹ 2000

₹ 1200
What is the selling price?

₹ 2000

The price at which an item is bought is called the cost price. (C.P.)

The price at which an item is sold is called the selling price. (S.P.)

CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 4 of 10

 Profit and Loss

Profit is gained when S.P. > C.P.

Profit = S.P. – C.P.

Loss is incurred when C.P. > S.P.

Loss = C.P. – S.P.

CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 5 of 10

 Example 1
A toy bought for ₹ 85 is sold for ₹ 100.

What is the cost price of the toy? ₹ 85

What is the selling price of the toy? ₹ 100

Is it profit or loss? Why? Profit (because SP is more than CP)

How much profit is gained? ₹ 15

CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 6 of 10

 Example 2
A T-shirt bought for ₹ 120 is sold for ₹ 100.

What is the cost price of the T-shirt? ₹ 120

What is the selling price of the T-shirt? ? ₹ 100

Is it profit or loss? Why? Loss (because SP is less than CP)

How much Loss is incurred? ₹ 20

CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 7 of 10

 Formula

Profit = S.P. – C.P.

Loss = C.P. – S.P

Profit % =

Loss% =

Profit % and Loss% is always calculated on Cost price.

CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 8 of 10

 Example
A toy bought for ₹ 85 is sold for ₹ 100.
How much is the profit % ?

Calculate the profit gained. ₹ 100 – ₹ 85 = ₹ 15

By using formula of profit% we get

Profit % =

Substitute the value of profit and C.P in the formula

17.65%
CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 9 of 10
 Example
A T-shirt bought for ₹ 120 is sold for ₹ 100.
What is the loss% incurred.

Calculate the loss incurred. ₹ 120 – ₹100 = ₹ 20

By using formula of loss % we get

Loss% =

Substitute the value of loss and C.P in the formula

16.67%
CB/VIII/2122 Percentage and its Applications 10 of 10