Solar radiation

Mean Sun distance from the earth: 149 600

000 km (the astronomic unit)
Diameter: 1 392 000 km (109 × that of the
earth)
Volume: 1,300,000 times that of the earth
Mass: 1,993 × 1027 kg (332 000 times that of
the earth)
Density (at its center): >100 × 103 kg m-3 (over
100 times that of water)
Pressure (at its center): over 1 billion
atmospheres
Temperature (at its center): about 15 000 000
degrees Kelvin
Temperature (at the surface): 6 000 degrees
Kelvin
Energy radiation: 380 × 1021 kW
The Earth receives: 170 × 1012 kW
Plasma is loosely described as an electrically neutral
medium of positive and negative particles (i.e. the overall
charge of a plasma is roughly zero). It is important to note
that although they are unbound, these particles are not
‘free’. When the charges move they generate electrical
currents with magnetic fields, and as a result, they are
affected by each other’s fields. This governs their collective
behavior with many degrees of freedom.
Like a gas, plasma does not have definite shape or volume.
Unlike gases, plasmas are electrically conductive, produce
magnetic fields and electric currents, and respond strongly
to electromagnetic forces. Positively charged nuclei swim in
a "sea" of freely-moving disassociated electrons, similar to
the way such charges exist in conductive metal. In fact it is
this electron "sea" that allows matter in the plasma state to
conduct electricity.
In the inner portions of the Sun, nuclear fusion has
modified the composition by converting hydrogen into
helium, so the innermost portion of the Sun is now
roughly 60% helium, with the metal abundance
unchanged. Because the interior of the Sun is radiative,
not convective (see Radiative zone above), none of the
fusion products from the core have risen to the
photosphere.[87]
The core is the only region in the Sun that produces an
appreciable amount of thermal energy through fusion;
99% of the power is generated within 24% of the Sun's
radius, and by 30% of the radius, fusion has stopped
nearly entirely. The rest of the star is heated by energy
that is transferred outward by radiation from the core
to the convective layers just outside. The energy
produced by fusion in the core must then travel
through many successive layers to the solar
photosphere before it escapes into space as sunlight or
the kinetic energy of particles.
The proton–proton chain occurs around 9.2×1037 times
each second in the core. Since this reaction uses four free
protons (hydrogen nuclei), it converts about 3.7×1038
protons to alpha particles (helium nuclei) every second (out
of a total of ~8.9×1056 free protons in the Sun), or about
6.2×1011 kg per second.Since fusing hydrogen into helium
releases around 0.7% of the fused mass as energy, the Sun
releases energy at the mass–energy conversion rate of 4.26
million metric tons per second, 384.6 yotta vatts
(3.846×1026 V),[1] or 9.192×1010 megatons of TNT per
second. This mass is not destroyed to create the energy,
rather, the mass is transformed to its energy equivalent and
carried avay in the radiated energy, as described by the
concept of mass–energy equivalence.