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Interference
Interference
Interference
B Y G R O U P ( 1 ,2 )
The interference of light by
young’s double-slit:
Aim:
Study of the interference of light by Young’s Double-Slit.
Theory:
Young knew that sound was a wave phenomenon, and, hence, that if two sound waves of equal
intensity, but out of phase, reach the ear then they cancel one another out, and no sound is heard. This
phenomenon is called interference. Young reasoned that if light were actually a wave phenomenon, as
he suspected, then a similar interference effect should occur for light. This line of reasoning lead
Young to perform an experiment which is nowadays referred to as Young's double-slit experiment.
The interference of light by
young’s double-slit:
Tools:
Metallic optical bench 90 cm with 4 mounted.
Where,
is the wavelength (nm).
L (cm) (cm)
The interference of light by
young’s double-slit:
Graph:
(cm)
L
(cm)
Slope= , with no unit.
The interference of light by
young’s double-slit:
Comments:
We use the double-slit to get two sources from one source.
The central fringe width is directly proportional to the distance between the double-slit and the
white screen.
The wavelength is very small compared to the distance between the double-slit and the white
screen.
If the light traveled only original direction after passing through the slits, the waves would not
over lap and no interference pattern would be seen but the light traveled as spheres so the
interference occurred, therefore the light has a wave nature.
Newton’s rings:
Aim:
Determination of the wavelength of a monochromatic light by using the Newton’s rings.
Theory:
If a lens and a plate are used in a specific arrangement, then a pattern of concentric bright rings are
seen.
Newton’s rings:
Tools:
Monochromatic source (Sodium lamp).
Optical track.
Newton’s rings:
Method:
Arrange the Na lamp, the lens and the glass plate to observe a system of concentric alternative dark and
bright rings (Newton's rings). The order m of the dark rings are 1. 2. 3, … successively from the smallest ring
near the center. The order of the dark spot at the center is m=0
Measure the diameter Dm of each dark ring m by moving the microscope from left to right side tangent to
each ring.
Plot a graph between D2m and m. The graph should be a straight line with slope .
Measure the radius of curvature (using a spherometer) R of the lower surface of the lens.
Determine the wavelength using the relation .
Newton’s rings:
Explanation:
When a plano-convex lens with its convex surface with radius of curvature (R) is placed on a plane
glass sheet, an air film of gradually increasing thickness outward is formed between the lens and the
plate. The thickness of film at the point of contact is zero. A monochromatic of wavelength (λ) light
is directed by means of the partial reflecting side at 45° to fall normally on the lens. At each
boundary some light is reflected at the underside of the lens and at the top surface of the plate. These
two reflected sets of light produce the interference pattern. Alternate bright and dark concentric rings
are seen around the point of contact. These rings were first discovered by Newton, that's why they
are called Newton’s rings.
Newton’s rings:
Law:
.
Where,
is the diameter of a dark ring (mm).
Vernier reading
m (mm)
Left Right
1
2
3
4
5
Newton’s rings:
Graph:
()
m
Slope= ().
Newton’s rings:
Comments:
The square of diameter is directly proportional to the number of the dark ring.