8th Grade

Pathogens
BY: ARIRANG
What are pathogens?
● Many of the most common diseases are caused by tiny
microorganisms called PATHOGEN.
● Pathogens infects or invades the body and attacks its cells and tissues.
Some example of pathogens are bacteria, rickettsias, fungi,
protozoans, certain types of tapeworms, and all viruses.
● Also called infectious agent as they cause infections.
● As with any organism, pathogens prioritize survival and reproduction.
Communicable Diseases- Diseases caused by direct or indirect spread of
pathogens from one person to another.
 6 TYPES OF PATHOGENS
01 02 03
Bacteria Rickettsia Virus

04 05 06
Fungi Protozoas Parasites
 Bacteria
• Bacterias are one-celled microscopic organizms called bacterium that
rank among the most widespread of living things.
• Most bacteria do not cause disease.
• In order to live, all bacteria must have a food supply, as well as
suitable temperature, moisture, and darkness. Some bacteria digest
nonliving food materials such as milk, and meat. These organisms are
called saprophytes.
Bacteria is classified by their shapes
 2 types of Bacteria
Toxin Bacteria
● Produces a certain poison.
Botulism is a food poison.
● These bacteria live in the
soil.
● Once they enter the body
through a wound, they can
cause tetanus or lockjaw.
Other bacteria cause
pneumonia.
Resident Bacteria
● It lives in the human mouth, intestines
and on our skin.
● These help protect us from harmful
bacterias.
● Resident bacteria cause infections when
it moves from where residents are.
Example: A bacteria in the mouth is moved
to the ear then you get an infected ear.
 GOOD BACTERIA
• Are soil decomposers.
• Bacteria that lives in the digestive system.
• Some examples are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.
• These bacteria helps in food preservation and for digestion.

Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium
 BAD BACTERIA
Bad Bacteria Sickness
Salmonella Food Poisoning

Streptococcus Strep Throat

Pneumococcus Pneumonia

E. Coli Food Poisoning

Salmonella Streptococcus

Pneumococcus E. Coli
 Rickettsia
• They are classified as intermediate, meaning they fall somewhere between a
virus and a bacterium.
• The majority of them develop in the intestinal tracts of insects, which
transport them to their human hosts.
• Rickettsia needs living cells to grow and multiply. Humans are infected with
rickettsia through blood sucking insects such as lice, mites, and ticks.
• Typhus fever and rocky mountain spotted fever are diseases caused by these
organism.
Typhus Fever
 Virus
• Are small, simple life-like forms that can vary from one-half to one hundred
times the size of a bacteria.
• These organisms are the human body's worst enemies. All viruses are
parasites.
• There are viruses that infect animals and viruses that attack specific types of
cells. For example, the rabies virus can only enter brain cells, while the polio
virus attacks only the nervous system. The cold virus enters the respiratory
system. Viral hepatitis is caused by viruses that affect the liver.
• When virus enters the body, it attaches itself to a cell and releases its nucleic
acid into the host cell.
 Virus Sickness
Influenza Virus The Flu
SARS-CoV2 COVID-19
H.I.V AIDS
Rhinovirus The Common Cold
Ebola Virus Ebola
Covid-19 Virus

Rhinovirus
 Fungi
• These are simple organisms that are incapable of producing their own
food.
• Many lives on dead animals, insects, and leaves. Thus, fungi are
saprophytes.
• They prefer dark, damp environments.
• Two of the most common fungi are yeast and nashrooms. Disease-
producing fungi invade mainly deep tissues of the hair, nails and skin.
• Pathogenic fungi can also cause inflammation in the brain and serious
lung infections.
 Protozoa
• Are single-celled organisms with a more complex cellular structure and larger
than bacteria.
• While some protozoa are harmless, others can cause serious diseases in
humans and animals, such as malaria, giardiasis, and toxoplasmosis.
• They are most common in tropical areas that have poor sanitation.
• Some examples of protozoa include amoebas, paramecia, and trypanosomes.
Malaria
Giardiasis
 Parasites
• Is a disease-causing organism that lives on or in a human or another animal
and feeds on the host.
• Lice are examples of parasites that live on humans.
• Semi-parasites get some of their nutrients from the host, whereas full
parasites get all of their nutrients from the host.
• Protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites are the three main types of parasites
that can harm humans.
 Thank you for
listening Do you have any questions?

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