DAM14203

MATERIAL SCIENCES

LECTURER :
HAFSA BINTI MOHAMMAD NOOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CENTRE FOR
DIPLOMA STUDIES
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
 CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION TO MATERIAL SCIENCE

Chapter Outline:

1. Materials and Engineering.

2. Materials Science and Engineering.
3. Type of material.
4. Competition materials
5. Use of materials in the future.
1. Materials and Engineering
• MATERIAL –
• Substance or substances of which a thing is MADE
or composed.
• Examples of Material – Wood, Aluminium, Glass,
Iron etc…
• Further read click

• ENGINEERING
• APPLICATION of science and math to solve
problems.
• Branch of engineering – Mechanical, Electrical, Civil,
Computer, Chemical etc…
• Sub Branch of Mechanical Engineering –
Material, Aeronautic, Manufacturing,
 2. Materials Science and Engineering
Materials science
and engineering
Resultant knowledge Materials
Materials science of the structure, engineering
processing, and Applied
Basic knowledge performance of
of materials knowledge of
engineering materials
• Investigations between materials
structure and properties of • Develop technique for
materials processing materials
• More on microstructure level • Create a new products
using
existing materials
 Studying the
properties and
structure of
materials
Exploring new
ways to use Creating new
both natural and better
and created materials
materials. Materials
Science and

Engineering
Selecting focuses on Improving
appropriate
materials for a existing
wide range of materials
applications
Materials Science and Engineering.

Structure
The essence
of Material
and Science
MATERIALS

Properties Processing
3. Type of Material.
a) Metals
o Ferrous – Ferum (Fe)
o Non- ferrous – Aluminium, Zink, Titanium, Nickel
Magnesium etc.

What is the
different between
Ferrous and Non
ferrous metal?
3. Type of Material (cont’d)
b) Ceramics
o Traditional (clay)
o Engineering- Alumina (aluminium oxide, Al2O3),
Zirconia (zirconium oxide, ZrO2) etc.
o Further read click
3. Type of Material (cont’d)
c) Polymers
o Thermoset - strengthens when heated, but CANNOT
BE remolded or heated after the initial forming.
o Thermoplastics – CAN BE reheated, remolded, and
cooled as necessary without causing any chemical
changes.
o Further read click
 3. Type of Material (cont’d)
d) Electronics Material
o Materials used in electrical industries,
electronics and microelectronic
o The electric response of materials associate
from the dynamics of electrons, and their
interplay with atoms and molecules
o A material can be classified as a conductor,
semiconductor or insulator according to
its response to an external electric field.
o Example: Gallium nitride (GaN) is
semiconductor commonly used in light-
emitting diodes (LED)
3. Type of Material (cont’d)
e) Composite
o Metal Matrix Composites (MMC)
o Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC)
o Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC)
f) Biomaterial - components implanted into
the human body
 Metals Polymers Ceramics Composite
1. Ferrous 1.Thermoplastic 1. Traditional - Combination of
Alloy (PP, PE, PET, (Bricks,Porcelai two or more
(Steel). n,Glass). materials
PVC)
2. Non 2. Technical PMC, CMC, MMC
Ferrous Alloy 2. Thermoset
(AlO, MgO,
( Aluminum, (Epoxy) SiO3)
Magnesium, 3. Elastromer
Titanium,
Copper)
4. Competition materials
Comparison/classification of materials
Bonding Micro- Advantages Disadvantages
structure
METALS & Metallic Crystal -strong, stiff, ductile -fracture
ALLOY grains -conductive -fatigue
POLYMERS Covalent & Chain -low cost, light weight -low strength
Secondary molecules -resist corrosion -low stiffness
-creep

CERAMICS & Ionic- Crystal -strong, stiff, hard -brittleness

GLASS Covalent grains -resist high temp.
amorphous -resist corrosion

COMPOSITE Various Matrix & -strong, stiff -high cost,

fibers, etc. -light weight delaminating
5. Use of materials in the future
Advance
Material
Refer to all new materials and modifications to existing materials
to obtain superior performance in one or more characteristics that
are critical for the application under consideration.
• Example
• Metal Oxide-based Electrode nanostructures
- high specific capacity/capacitance,
• The Boeing 787 Dreamliner
utilize nearly half carbon fiber
reinforced plastic for the
airframe make
it 20% lighter that previously
used aluminum based
airframe
5. Use of materials in the future
(cont’d)
Smart Material
Smart materials are designed materials that have one or more properties
that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external
stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH,
electric or magnetic fields.
Smart – able to sense changes in their environments and then respond
to these changes in predetermined manners
Two components :
1) Sensors – detect an input signal such as movement, temperature
etc Actuator – performs a responsive & adaptive function
2)
Types of smart
material
1. Piezoelectric materials are materials that produce a
when stress is applied. Example Berlinite Al(PO4),
voltage
etc…
Quartz
Further read : click
2. pH-sensitive polymers are materials that change in volume
(dimension) when the pH of the surrounding
medium changes. Example: chitosan, lichens etc…
Further read click and click
3. Thermoelectric materials are used to build devices
that convert temperature differences into electricity and
vice- versa.
4. Photomechanical materials change shape under exposure
to light.
Berlinite Quartz
Thank
You