Ecosystems

Table of contents
01. What is an ecosystem?

02. Types of ecosystems

Characteristics of an
03. ecosystem

04. Examples of ecosystems

01.
What is an
ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a system formed by a set of organisms, the
physical environment in which they live (habitat) and the
relationships between living organisms and the physical space
established between them. The species of living beings that inhabit
a given ecosystem interact with each other and with the
environment, determining the flow of energy and matter that occurs
in that environment.
How are the
organisms of an
ecosystem classified?
In an ecosystem there are a large number of organisms with
many different functions. There are 3 categories of
organisms in ecosystems: producers, consumers and
decomposers.
Classification of
organisms
01. Producers
They are autotrophic organisms, that
is, they are capable of generating their
own food from simple substances with
the help of sunlight. They are the basis
of the food chain.
Classification of
organisms
02. Consumers
These are heterotrophic organisms, which means that they do not
have the capacity to manufacture their own food, so they feed on
other beings.
They can be classified as:
● Primary consumers or herbivores
● Secondary consumers or carnivores
● Tertiary and quaternary consumers or super carnivores
Classification of
organisms
03. Decomposers
These are organisms that feed on
decomposing organic matter from
other living organisms.
02.
Types of ecosystems
Types of
ecosystems
Terrestrial ecosystem
They occur on the earth's crust and out of water in
various types of relief: mountains, plains, valleys,
deserts. There are important differences between them
in temperature, oxygen concentration and climate, so the
biodiversity of these ecosystems is large and varied. For
example: Forests, deserts or jungles.
Types of
ecosystems
Aquatic ecosystem
They are characterized by the presence of water as the main
component and are the most abundant type of ecosystem:
they constitute almost 75% of all known ecosystems. This
group includes the ecosystems of the oceans and those of
fresh or salty inland waters. For example: rivers, lakes and
lagoons.
Types of
ecosystems
Mixed ecosystem
These are ecosystems located in areas of "intersection" of
different types of terrain, for example, in which aquatic and
terrestrial environments are combined. Mixed ecosystems,
also called hybrids, share characteristics of both terrestrial
and aquatic ecosystems, and are considered transition zones
between both types of ecosystems.
03.
Characteristics
of an ecosystem
Characteristics
of an ecosystem
1. They vary in size and structure according to their type.
2. They can be terrestrial (in reliefs such as desert, mountain, prairie), aquatic (fresh or saltwater) or
mixed (such as those found in wetlands).
3. They can be natural or artificial (created and/or intervened by humans).
4. They are dynamic and variable environments that experience natural or artificial changes and a
constant flow of energy and nutrients between the factors that constitute them.
5. They are complex systems due to the interactions among their members. The greater the biodiversity,
the greater the complexity of the ecosystem.
6. They can be altered naturally (such as natural catastrophes) or by human action (such as
deforestation, pollution and indiscriminate fishing).
 04.
Examples
Examples

Polar ecosystems Coral reefs Rainforest / forest

ecosystems
Examples

Forest / woodland Lentic ecosystems / Wetland ecosystems

ecosystems lagoons
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● 3d rendering of ecosystem VII
● 3d rendering of ecosystem VIII
● 3d rendering of ecosystem IX
● 3d rendering of ecosystem X
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● 3d rendering of ecosystem IV ● Small boat moored on blue calm lake
● 3d rendering of ecosystem V ● Forest near a river landscape
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