|| Jai Sri Gurudev ||

SJC INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGNEERING

6th Sem Mini-Project First Review 2022

Measure of soil nutrient using Arduino

and NPK senor
Project Team Members Project Guide Project Coordinator
Name USN Prof.VISHALA I L Dr C Rangaswamy
Lekhashree s – 1SJ19EC083 Designation
Lokesh C - 1SJ19EC086
Madhangowda K – 1SJ19EC092

Date: 24-05-2022
 INDEX
Abstract
Introduction
Objective
Literature Survey
Methodology
Software & Hardware
Applications
Advantages & Disadvantage
Summary
Reference

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 Abstract

 To interface soil NPK sensor with Arduino board

 Measure the values of main soil nutrients Nitrogen-N, Phosphorus-P, and Potassium-K present
in the soil and display them on OLED display  with I2C support and serial monitor.

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 Introduction
 Production of crop depends on the interaction between soil and plant
properties. Healthy soil forms the foundation of the food system in India. A
healthy soil produces healthy crops. Maintaining a healthy soil demands care
and effort from farmers.
The main reason of soil health deterioration are: a) Wide nutrient gap between
nutrient demand and supply, b) High nutrient turnover in soil- plant system
coupled with low and imbalanced fertilizer use, c) Decline in organic matter
status, d) Emerging deficiency of secondary micro nutrients, e) Nutrient leaching
and fixation problems, f) Soil pollution and soil acidity etc.

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 Introduction
The NPK value of soil indicates how much Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium
are present in your soil or substrate. All plants need these three essential
macronutrients. It is important to know the NPK values of the soil or substrates,
as you can provide your plants with right amount of external NPK fertilizers
according to their needs.

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Introduction
Giving excess amount of NPK causes:
 Nitrogen: Over growth with decrease in ability to fruit and flowers, attracts insects and reduces
the strength of stem.
 Phosphorus: Reduces ability to absorb Zinc and Iron and few micronutrients even though they
are present in soil.
 Potassium: Leads to inability to absorb major nutrients like nitrogen, magnesium and calcium
which leads to their deficiency.

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 Objective

Detecting the concept of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil.

To achieve suitable growth environment for the plants.
To improve soil fertility of the agriculture.
To avoid deficiency syndrome/symptoms of the plants.
To increase the resistance against diseases.
To support healthy root system.
To get better crop yields.

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 Literature Survey
This project deals with a system which detects the quality of the soil and
provides details about the amount and type of fertilizer to be used has been
developed by using TCS3200 colour sensor, Arduino, soil testing capsules and
USB cable. A TCS3200 colour sensor is used to obtain the colour of the soil
sample. The sensor is connected to an Arduino for collecting the data. The data
is compared with RGB values for a nutrient for its corresponding availability.
Based on the deficiency of certain nutrient a suggestion is given on the amount
of fertilizer to be used to overcome the deficiency. [1]

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 Literature Survey
This system monitors and reports the soil moisture, N, P, K, pH, and temperature
values in real-time by using soil moisture sensor, NPK tester, soil temperature
sensor , soil PH sensor , Arduino, node MCU. In order to measure the volumetric
water content in the soil, the soil moisture sensor is used. NPK tester is used to
measure the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium present in the soil.
Hence a software system is proposed which displays the measured values of soil
parameters and provides fertilizer recommendation for growing a desired crop.
[2]

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 Literature Survey
This system has successfully developed a monitoring system of the nutrients
present in the soil using Arduino Nano Microcontroller , soil sensor , MAX485
Module and LED display. The soil NPK to detect the content of nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium present in the soil. MAX485 module is a Modbus
used to connect the sensor with Arduino nano microcontroller. Arduino is an
open source computer hardware that designs and manufactures microcontroller
based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and
control objects in physical world. This system can be operated without help of
PC’s just by attaching two 3.7V, 4200mAh, Lithium Ion batteries. With help of
these batteries, the system can operate for nearly 27days. This project reduces
human effort and can be further developed by introducing IoT’s and many more.
[3]

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 Methodology

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 Methodology
The parameters to be calculated will be sensed by the NPK SENOR.
The sensor can’t be connected directly with the Arduino. Hence we need
Modbus Module MAX485 and connect the sensor to the Arduino.
The output values of NPK displays on OLED DISPLAY.

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 Hardware components
1. Arduino nano
2. NPK sensor
3. Modbus module
4. OLED display
5. Connecting wires
6. Power supply
7. Breadboard

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 Hardware and Software

Arduino nano(crystal NPK sensor(JXBS-3001 soil

oscillator with 16MHz) NPK sensor)

Voltage: 9-24Volts
Power consumption: <0.15 Watts
Power consumption-19mA Working temperature: 5-45 Celsius(41-113 F)
Baud rates: 2400, 4800, and 9600.
Operating voltage is 5V Measuring Resolution: 1mg/kg(kg/l)
Measuring range: 0-1999mg/kg

ATmega328P Accuracy: ±2%

Communication mode: Modbus RS485

Microcontroller is from 8- Protection rated: IP68

bit AVR family The low cost, quick

Input voltage (Vin) is 7V to responsive, high precision
12V & portable 

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 Hardware and Software
Modbus Module(MAX485
TTL to RS-485 Interface OLED Display(Organic
Module) Light-Emitting Diode) 

1.Uses differential signaling for noise super-light, almost paper-

immunity
2.Distances up to 1200 meters
thin, flexible, and produce
3. Speeds up to 2.5Mbit/Sec a brighter and crisper
picture.
4.Multi-drop supports up to 32 devices on
same bus The received values are shown on
5. Red power LED the display which is in hex-dec
6. 5V operation
again converted into decimal

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 Software description
ARDUINO IDE(integrated
development
environment )

an open-source electronics
platform based on easy-to-
use hardware and software

It is used for writing code,

compiling the code to check if any
errors are there and uploading
the code to the Arduino.

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 Applications

 Can be used in Agricultural smart farming

 Can be used in high value commercial plants placed in pots.
Greenhouse management

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 Advantages & Limitations
Advantages
1. Simple to use and easy to install.
2. Accurate .
3. Fast measurement.
4. Increasing demand of food by maximizing yields with minimum resources
such as fertilizers and seeds
Limitations
1. lack of accuracy in sandy soils due to their large particles.
2. Destructive

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 Summary

oThe real-time monitoring and control of farm systems, thus making it easier for farmers to
optimize production and minimize resource utilization.
oThe literature identifies that due to the excessive utilization of fertilizers and pollution effects on
the environment, a growing concern of pollution has warranted the need for technologies that
can better monitor soil nutrients and their fate.
oAs compared to conventional lab instruments for soil nutrient analysis, here the sensors are
more advantageous due to their low-cost, and high-density measurement capability for large-
area soil nutrient mapping.
o As the saying goes,

“The revolution will be live! In the case of agriculture, the revolution will
be real-time”

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 Reference

[1] Hema Pallevada, Siva pravathi potu, Mukesh chinta, “REAL TIME SOIL NUTRIENT DETECTION
AND ANALYSIS”,2021 ICACITE, IEEE
[2] Madhumathi R , Arumuganathan T, Shruthi R, “SOIL NPK AND MOISTURE ANALYSIS USING
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK”, 11th ICCCNT 2020, IEEE
[3] Mukesh kumar S , “DETERMINATION OF SOIL NUTRIENTS USING ARDUINO”, Volume:08
issue:04 , IRJET, April 2021
[4] R. Sindhuja , B K Krithiga, “SOIL IDENTIFICATION USING ARDUINO” , Volume 1, Issue 4,
AJAST, May 2017
[5] Revati P. Potdar, Mandar M. Shirolkar, Alok J. Verma , Pravin s. More and Atul Kulkarni,
“ DETERMINATION OF SOIL NUTRIENTS (NPK) USING OPTICAL METHODS ” Journal of plant
Nutrition, 2021

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 Suggestions for
Improvement

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 Thank You

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