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Earthquakes
Earthquakes
Kota Vamshi
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Agenda
Introduction
Types
Earthquake measuring devices
Seismic zones of India
Earthquakes in India
Hazards and Impacts
Risk Mitigation
Events During an Earthquake
Role of EMS
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Introduction: .
Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics, theory dealing with
the dynamics of Earth’s outer shell—
the lithosphere—that
revolutionized Earth sciences by
providing a uniform context for
understanding mountain-building
processes, volcanoes, and earthquakes
as well as the evolution of Earth’s
surface and reconstructing its past
continents and oceans.
A fault is a planar
Normal faults Strike-slip faults
fracture or discontinuity in a faults are inclined Strike-slip faults
volume of rock across which
there has been significant fractures where the are vertical (or nearly
displacement as a result of blocks have mostly vertical) fractures
rock-mass movements. shifted vertically. where the blocks have
mostly moved
horizontally.
What are Devices to Measure the
magnitude of earthquake?
Richter
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• .
The Richter scale is used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake,
that is the amount of energy released during an earthquake.
Magnitude
Scale
•• ..
Seismometers
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• .
Seismographs
Seismograms
Seismographs are instruments used to record the
motion of the ground during an earthquake.
Earthquake-prone regions of the country have This zone is called the High Damage
been identified on the basis of scientific inputs Risk Zone. The IS code assigns a
related to seismicity, earthquakes that zone factor of 0.24 for Zone 4.
occurred in the past and the tectonic setup of
the region. On the basis of these inputs, the
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has grouped
the country into four seismic zones viz. zones Zone 5 covers the areas with the
highest risk of suffering earthquakes.
V, IV, III and II. Zone V being the highest and It is referred to as the Very High
Zone II being lowest Damage Risk Zone.
Some Fatal Earthquakes in India
Indian Ocean Earthquake, 2004 Great Bihar-Nepal Earthquake,
1934
•Magnitude: 9.1–9.3
•Magnitude: 8.7
•Epicenter: West coast of
Sumatra, Indonesia (3.316°N •Epicenter: South of Mount
95.854°E) Everest (27.55°N 87.09°E)
Earthquakes : Risk
. Mitigation
• Hazard resistant construction or
retrofitting of Buildings/ Houses
to reduce the vulnerability of the
structures
. • Proper land use planning to avoid
potentially high hazard zones.