Elucidation,

Concept Papers and

Graphic Aids
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 Learning Targets:
Identify the ways
Recognize the
to elucidate a
01 types of graphic
concept. 02
aids.

Present a Determine the

concept concepts used in
03
using a 04
arts, business, law,
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graphic aid. etc.

 Provide words associated with each term inside the
concept map:
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 CONCEPTS
AND
CONCEPT
PAPERS
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 Concepts are conceived ideas,
simple or complex, that allow us to
make sense of the world in either
concrete or abstract terms.
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 A concept paper defines an idea or a
concept and explains its essence in order
to clarify the “whatness” of that idea or
concept. It answers the questions: what is
it and about it (Dadufalza 1996:183). It
starts with a definition, either formal or
informal, of the term or the concept and
proceeds with an expanded definition and
an analytic description of the aspects of
the concept.
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 3 ways of Elucidating a
Concept
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 Definition
is a logical technique by which the
meaning of a term is revealed. It is
important because it clarifies the
meaning of a word or a concept and it
also limit the scope of that particular
word or concept. Limiting the scope
01 controls and avoids
misinterpretations, argue notions,
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and/or broad ideas.

 Techniques used in
Definition:
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 FORMAL
A formal definition is based upon a concise, logical pattern
that includes as much information as it can within a
minimum amount of space.
It consists of three parts:
1. The term (word or phrase) to be defined
2. The class of object or concept to which the term belongs
3. The differentiating characteristics that distinguish it from
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all others of its class

 EXAMPLES:
term + genus + differentia
- A robot is a machine that looks like a human being
and performs complex acts of a human being.
- Water is a liquid made up of molecules of
hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2 to 1
- Psychology is a branch of science that deals with
the study of human behavior.
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 BY SYNONYM
It is using a word or phrase that shares a meaning
with the term being defined.
Examples:
- hashish – marijuana
- charlatan – quack; imposter; pretender; fraud
- evil - bad
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 LIMITATIONS:
1. Synonyms are useful in explaining the meaning of a word or
phrase only when they are more familiar to the reader than
the term being defined.
2. It is very rare to find two English words which have
EXACTLY the same meaning, particularly when the
CONNOTATIONS of words are taken into account.
CONNOTATIONS are the associated, or secondary, meaning
of words. Very often, words that have essentially the same
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meaning have different CONNOTATIONS

 BY ORIGIN OR SEMANTIC HISTORY
- uses the origin of the term as its definition
Examples:
- The word biology is derived from the Greek words
bios meaning “life” and logos meaning “study”
- The word etymology came from the Greek word
etymon which means “the true meaning of a
word.”
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 BY ILLUSTRATION
- uses adjectives to describe the term being
defined or uses pictures to illustrate the
word.
Examples:
- Known for their shedding their leaves in the
fall, deciduous trees include oaks, maples,
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and beeches.
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 BY FUNCTION
- states how a term works/function
Examples:
- A thermometer measures temperature
change.
- A calculator performs arithmetic operations
on numbers.
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 BY LIKENESS OR SIMILARITY
- showing how the term is similar to others
Examples:
- Technology is likened to modern living where
robots exist.
- As with lawsuits or other court proceedings,
the decision in an arbitration proceeding is
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legally binding on the parties.

 BY ANALOGY OR METAPHOR
- explaining by comparing two dissimilar topics,
where the second is familiar to the audience
Examples:
- An arbiter is like a referee – he or she listens
to both sides and makes a decision as to who
is at fault, without the intervention of
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outside parties.
 BY CONTRAST
- explaining by use of opposites
Examples:
- Unlike those of gas, the particles of plasma
are electrically charged.
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 BY NEGATION
- explaining by stating what a term is not.
Examples:
- Wild rice, an American delicacy, is not rice
at all but the seed of a tall aquatic grass.
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 Explication
is a method of explanation in which
sentences, verses, quotes, or phrases are
taken from a literary or academic work then
interpreted and explained in a detailed way.
You may begin by analyzing how the text
was constructed and end with a concise
conclusion by restating your major
arguments. Explication not only illuminates
02 a piece of literature, but also serves to
remind the readers about its historical
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setting and formal properties of style and

language.
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 Clarification
it is a method of explanation in which
the points are organized from a
general abstract idea to specific and
concrete examples. The analysis of
the concept is done by looking at the

03 examples and specifying its

characteristics.
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 CONCEPTS IN
DIFFERENT FIELDS:
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 A. ART - is a diverse range of human
activities in creating visual, auditory or
performing artifacts (artworks), expressing
the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas,
or technical skill, intended to be
appreciated for their beauty or emotional
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power.
 B. LAW - is commonly understood as a
system of rules that are created and
enforced through social or governmental
institutions to regulate conduct. It has
been variously described as a science and
the art of justice.
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 C. TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL - it involves
the study of technologies and related sciences
and acquisition of practical skills relating to
occupations in various sectors of economic
life and social life, comprises formal
(organized programs as part of the school
system) and non-formal (organized classes
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outside the school system) approaches.

 D. HOME ECONOMICS, DOMESTIC
SCIENCE or HOME SCIENCE - is a field
of study that deals with the relationship
between individuals, families,
communities, and the environment in
which they live.
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 E. AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY
[AGRIFISHERY] - this refers to cultivation
of crops through soils and other medium
growing of trees, raising of livestock,
poultry, or fish w/c includes harvesting,
processing and marketing of product of
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farm activities and practices.

 F. INDUSTRIAL ARTS - is an educational
program which features fabrication of objects in
wood or metal using a variety of hand, power, or
machine tools. Industrial Arts is commonly
referred to as Technology Education. It may
include small engine repair and automobile
maintenance, and all programs usually cover
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technical drawing as part of the curricula.

 G. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY (ICT) - is an extensional term for
information technology (IT) that stresses the role of
unified communications and the integration of
telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless
signals) and computers, as well as necessary
enterprise software, middleware, storage, and
audiovisual systems, that enable users to access,
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store, transmit, and manipulate information.

 H. POLITICS - is the way in which we
understand and order our social affairs,
and acquire greater control over the
situation.
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 Basic Concepts:
a. Order - Study of politics seeks to study
how human life in the aggregate is
ordered.
b. Power - A term of influence. Who rules?
In accordance with the law, or is it the
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just or the moral?

 Basic Concepts:
c. Justice - When the power is exercised in
the interest of the ruled, there is justice.
d. Politics - is all about the way human
beings are governed, which involves order,
power, and justice. It is not just an abstract
study.
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 I. RELIGION - can be defined as a social
institution involving beliefs and practices
based on the sacred.
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 Key Concepts:
a. Profane - is an ordinary element of
everyday life.
b. Sacred - is set apart as extraordinary
or holy and worthy of honor
c. Faith - is frequently portrayed through
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the use of rituals and totems.

 Key Concepts:
d. Rituals - are formal, ceremonial
behaviors that represent religious
meanings
e. Totems - is an object that is
collectively sacred.
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 J. SCIENCE - is the study of how the
universe works.
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 Scientific Concepts:
a. Hypothesis - A tentative explanation in which
there is very little evidence available to support the
concept.
b. Generalizations and Theories - A concept that has
supporting evidence and is becoming increasingly
accepted by the scientific community as truth
c. Laws - A concept that is widely accepted by the
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scientific community.
 K. SPORTS - a contest or game in which
people do certain physical activities
according to a specific set of rules and
compete against each other.
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 Four Related Concepts of Sports:
a. Leisure - An attitude of freedom or
release from the demands of ordinary
life.
b. Play - Sports is a manifestation of
play.
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 Four Related Concepts of Sports:
c. Games - Any form of playful competition
whose outcome is determined by physical skill,
strategy or chance employed singly or in a
combination.
d. Competition - A rivalry in which opponents
strive to gain something at the expense of
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each other.
 GRAPHIC
AIDS or
GRAPHIC
ORGANIZERS
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 A graphic organizer is a teaching and learning tool
that is used to organize information and ideas in a
way that is easy to comprehend and internalize. By
integrating text and visuals, graphic organizers show
relationships and connections between concepts,
terms, and facts.
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 Bar Chart or Bar Graph
is a chart or graph that presents
categorical data with rectangular
bars with heights or lengths
proportional to the values that
they represent. The bars can be
plotted vertically or horizontally.
01 A vertical bar chart is sometimes
called a column chart.
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 Line Graph
is a type of chart or graph
that is used to show
information that changes
over time. A line graph can
be plotted using several
02 points connected by straight
lines.
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 Pie Chart
is a type of graph that displays data
in a circular graph. The pieces of the
graph are proportional to the
fraction of the whole in each
category. In other words, each slice
of the pie is relative to the size of
that category in the group as a
03 whole. The entire “pie” represents
100 percent of a whole, while the pie
“slices” represent portions of the
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whole.
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 Flow Chart
is a picture of the separate steps
of a process in sequential order.
It is a generic tool that can be
adapted for a wide variety of
purposes, and can be used to
describe various processes, such
04 as a manufacturing process, an
administrative or service process,
or a project plan.
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 Chart Diagrams
(also called matrix diagrams or
tables) are a type of graphic
organizer that condense and
organize data about multiple
traits associated with many items
or topics. Charts can be used to
05 show attributes of items, to
compare and contrast topics, and
to evaluate information.
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 Venn Diagram
shows a comparison of two
different categories and the
items they have in common.

06
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 Pictographs
use symbols and images to
convey data, information, or
ideas.

07
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 Infographics
use pictures, but they also
incorporate data and words, all to
explain a single point. Infographics
can be used to make a complex
subject a little simpler to understand,
particularly when there are more than
two or three factors to consider. They
08 can also be used to compare two or
more categories and make your data
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more interesting and eye catching.

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 Thank you!
Do you have any questions?

Thank you!
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