The GLOBAL

INTERSTATE
SYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY WORLD
OBJECTIVES:

• Define interstate or international system

• Define the history of interstate or international
system
• Discuss the international organizations and the
various types of NGO’s
• Differentiate globalism from internationalism
STATE
states are independent political communities each of
which possesses a government and asserts
sovereignty in relation to a particular portion of the
earth's surface and a particular segment of the
human population" (Hedley Bull)
INTERSTATE
• a system of unequally powerful and competing
states in which no single state is capable of
imposing control on all others, These states are in
interaction with one another in a set of shifting
alliance and wars and changes in relative power of
states upsets any emporary set of alliances, leading
to restructuring of balance of power"
Global Interstate system
• it is a political principle that places the interests of
the entire world above those of individual nations
and argues for cooperation among nations for
common good.
History of the International system
• States engage with one another in an environment known
as the International System. All states are considered to
be sovereign, and some states are more powerful than
others. The system has a number of informal rules about
how things should be done, but these rules are not
binding. International relations have existed as long as
states themselves. But the modern international system
under which we live today is only a few centuries old.
Significant events have marked the milestones in the
development of the international system.
 Shifting Balances of Power (1600–
1800)
• In the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries, the nation-state emerged as the
dominant political unit of the international
system. A series of powerful states
dominated Europe, with the great powers
rising and falling. Weaker states often
banded together to prevent the dominant
power from becomingtoo strong, a practice
known as preserving the Balance Of Power.
Frequent wars and economiccompetition
marked this era. Some nations—notably
France and England—were powerful
through mostof the modern age, but some
—such as Spain and the Ottoman Empire—
shrank in power over time.
 Emergence of Nationalism (1800–
1945)
• The nineteenth century brought two major
changes to the international system: Nationalism
emerged as a strong force, allowing nation-states
to grow even more powerful Italy and Germany
became unified countries, which altered the
balance of military and economicpower in
Europe.The problems raised by the unification of
Germany contributed to World War I (1914–1918).
In theaftermath of the war, the international
system changed dramatically again. The major
powers of Europehad suffered greatly, whereas
the United States began to come out of its
isolation and transform into aglobal power. At the
same time, the end of the Ottoman and Austro-
Hungarian empires created a seriesof new
nations, and the rise of communism in Russia
presented problems for other nations.
Thesefactors contributed to the Treaty of
Versailles, the rise of Nazism and communism,
and World War II (1939–1945).
New World Orders (1945–Present)
• Since the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet
Union, the nature of the world haschanged again. Only one
superpower remains, leading some scholars to label the
new internationalsystem Unipolar. Others point to the
increasing economic power of some European and Asian
statesand label the new system Multipolar. To some extent,
both terms are accurate. The United States hasthe world’s
most powerful military, which supports the unipolar view,
but the U.S. economy is not as powerful, relative to the rest
of the world, lending credence to the multipolar view.
International
Organizations
An international organization is an organization created either
by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law
and possessing its own international legal personality. There
are two types of international organizations international
Governmental Organizations (IGOs); International
Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs or, more commonly,
NGOs)IGOs are formed when governments make an
agreement or band together. Only governmentsor nation-
states belong to IGOs. On the other hand, INGOs are made up
of individuals and are no affiliated with governments. IGOs
and INGOs exist for a variety of reasons, such as controlling
the proliferation of conventional and nuclear weapons,
supervising trade, maintaining military alliances, ending
world hunger, and fostering the spread of democracy and
peace, etc.
Types of NGO’s
• INGO: international nongovernmental organization
• BINGO: business-oriented nongovernmental organization
• RINGO: religious-oriented nongovernmental organization
• ENGO: environmental nongovernmental organization
• GONGO: government-operated nongovernmental
organization
• QUANGO: quasi-autonomous nongovernmental
organization
International organizations
• United Nations
• World bank
• International Monetary Fund
• World trade Organization
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION