Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

P r e se n te d By -
AV D H U T N I M B A LK A R 2 1 2 0 4 0 01 8
MA N A SI R A U N D A L 2 1 2 0 4 1 01 9
PA RA S G O H I L 2 1 2 0 4 0 02 0
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Structural Response
Control

Passive Active Semi-Active Hybrid

Energy Absorption
(Dissipation)

Controlled
Input Structure Response
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers
Passive Control System

Energy Dissipators Tuned Dampers Base Isolators

Viscoelastic Dampers Tuned Mass Laminated Rubber

Damper Bearing
Yielding Dampers
Tuned Fluid Laminated Rubber
Damper Bearing with Lead
Viscous Damper Core

Friction Damper Friction Pendulum

System
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Where,
EKE = Kinetic Energy
ED = Structural Damping Energy
EPE = Potential Energy
EI = Total Energy and
Ed = Dissipation Energy Due to
Dampers
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Case Study:
An RCC framed structure of the following
configuration and dimension was to be qualified for the
prevailing seismic load case as per IS 1893: 2016. The
geometry of the frame is shown in the figure. The
structure is rested on rock-type founding strata.
Dimension of RC Columns: 230mm × 230mm
Dimension of RC beam (plinth and floor beams):
200mm × 230mm

Dimension of RC slab: 150mm; Floor height: 3m;

Depth of foundation = 1m from plinth level.
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Analysis for Dead Load:

• Floor Live load on RC slab (say 3 kN/m2) = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27 kN

• Calculation of self-weight of the various component of RCC framed structure

Component of structure Calculation Weight (kN)
150mm thick RC slab 1 × 3 × 3 × 0.15× 25 33.75
200mm x 200mm floor beam,
4 × 0.2 × 0.23 × 3 × 25 13.80
3m span

230mm x 200mm Column

4 × 0.23 × 0.23 × 3 × 25 15.87
Section, 3m height
200mm x 200mm plinth beam,
4 × 0.2 × 0.23 × 3 × 25 13.80
3m span
230mm x 200mm Column
4 × 0.23 × 0.23 × 1 × 25 5.29
Section, 1m height
Total   82.51
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Hence, total load on one column at base: W = (82.51 + 27)/4 =

27.4 kN
Maximum stress in column at base = (27.4 × 103)/(230 × 230)
N/mm2 = 0.52 MPa
< 5 MPa (Permissible stress in direct compression of M20
Concrete)
So, the framed structure is found to be safe for dead load case.
Analysis for Seismic Load:
• Now the same tank structure has been evaluated for seismic load Response Spectra:
ease with the following seismic input:

• Zone factor = Z = 0.36 (Zone V, Guwahati),

• Importance factor = I = 1.5,

Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Response reduction factor (R): 3 (considering ordinary

moment resisting frame (OMRF) detailing of RCC structure),
Damping = 5%, Hence, fundamental linear natural frequency = f =
ω/2π = 2.94 Hz and
Seismic mass, fundamental natural time period = T = 0.34 sec
M = (1/g) x [27 × 103 + 33.57 × 103 + 13.8 × 103] + [15.87 × 103 Hence, spectral acceleration = Sa/g = 2.5
+ 13.80 × 103 + 5.29 × 103]/2
= 9.37 × 103 kg
Moment of Inertia,
I = 4 (0.23 × 0.233) /12 = m4 = 9.33 × 108 mm4
Stiffness, Ah = (0.36/2) x (2.5) / (3/1.5) = 0.225
k = 12EI/L3 = (12 × 2.24 × 1010 × 9.33 × 10-4) /43 = 3.92 x 106 Lateral Seismic force on a structure = Ah x W
N/m = 0.255 x 9.37 × 103 x 9.81 = 20.7× 103 N =
Fundamental natural frequency (Angular), 20.7 kN
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Hence, lateral load on single column,
F = 20.7/4 = 5.2 kN,
Hence, Base shear on single column = V = 5.2 kN;
And base moment = M = V x L = 5.2 x 4 = 20.8 kN-m
Section modulus of single column = z = (230 × 230 ) /6 = 2.03×
2
106 mm3
 
Bending stress (maximum) = M/z = (20.8 × 106) / (2.03× 106) =
10.25 MPa
>Allowable Bending stress in compression for M20 Concrete
(9.33 MPa)
Note: As per IS 456:2000, allowable bearing stress
in compression is 1.333x7 MPa i.e., 9.33 MPa,
considering 33.33% increase in allowable limit in
the case of earthquake load.
The bending stress in column is found to be
exceeding the allowable limit as per IS 456:2000.
Hence, structure to be retrofitted by suitable
technique. Retrofitting can be done using passive
energy dissipation devices. Double sliding friction
damper is employed for the present situation as
shown in figure.
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Now, the maximum bending stress exceeding the allowable stress is 0.92
MPa. The corresponding base moment is 1.87 kN-m. Subsequently, the
lateral load is estimated to be 0.47 kN. Thus, a force equal to approximately
500 N is to be dissipated through devices. Thus, the damper is designed for
500 N. Say friction damper is provided.
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

The ground acceleration is obtained from response spectrum without damper for 5% damping as 5.9 m/s 2.
The maximum deflection of the structure is estimated as 17.3mm.

Iteration 1:
Now, for the first iteration damping due to friction damper is (ζd) is calculated using following equation,

Here, ∆E = Energy dissipated by damper per cycle = 4fs δ = 4 x 500 x 0.0173 = 34.6 J,
Σ = Strain energy = kδ2/2 = 586.6 J
Therefore, ζd = 0.0125
ζt = ζ + ζd = 0.05 + 0.015 = 0.065
The ground acceleration is obtained from response spectrum with damper for 6.5% total
damping as 5.1 m/s2. The maximum deflection of the structure is estimated as 15mm.
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Iteration 2:
Damping due to friction damper is (ζd) is calculated using following equation,
 

Here, ∆E = Energy dissipated by damper per cycle = 4fs δ = 4 x 500 x 0.015 = 30 J,

Σ = Strain energy = kδ2/2 = 110.25 J
Therefore, ζd = 0.0125
ζt = ζ + ζd = 0.05 + 0.022 = 0.072
The ground acceleration is obtained from response spectrum with damper for 7.2% total damping as
4.7 m/s2. The maximum deflection of the structure is estimated as 13.8mm.
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Iteration 3:
Damping due to friction damper is (ζd) is calculated using following equation,
 

Here, ∆E = Energy dissipated by damper per cycle = 4fs δ = 4 x 500 x 0.0138 = 27.6 J,
Σ = Strain energy = kδ2/2 = 93.3 J
Therefore, ζd = 0.0125
ζt = ζ + ζd = 0.05 + 0.024 = 0.074
The ground acceleration is obtained from response spectrum with damper for 7.4% total damping as
4.6 m/s2. The maximum deflection of the structure is estimated as 13.5mm.
Dynamic Structural Response Using Dampers

Maximum
Iteration Total Damping
Displacement
1 6.5% 17mm
2 7.2% 15mm
3 7.4% 13.5mm

After installing friction damper, the base moment reduced from 20.8 kN-m to 18.8 kN-m
which results in maximum bending stress of 9.2 MPa which is within permissible limit
(9.33 MPa).