NANOTECHNOLOGY

NANOTECHNOLOGY
Branch of science and
technology that deals
with the manipulation
and study matter at
the nanoscale.
 It covers the
development of
materials and devices
by exploiting the
characteristics of
particles on the
nano-scale (by
humans).
It covers all types of
research and
technologies that
deal with the special
properties of matter
on an atomic
molecular and
supramolecular
scale.
NANOMATERIALS
Chemical substances or
materials that are
manufactured and used
at a very small scale:
possessing, at minimum,
one external dimension
measuring 1-100nm.
Nanomaterials
can occur
naturally.
Nanomaterials can
be produced by
human activity
either as a product
of another activity.
Nanomaterials can
be produced by
purpose
(engineered).
Carbon Nanotubes
are used for:
• cleaning oil
spills;
• making better
capacitors for
circuits; and
• creating artificial
muscles.
Carbon Nanotubes are used for:
• sporting goods(bicycle frames, tennis rackets, hockey sticks,
golf clubs and balls, skis, kayaks; sports arrows)
• yachting (masts, hulls and other parts of sailboats)
• textiles (antistatic and electrically conducting textiles ('smart
textiles'); bullet-proof vests, water-resistant and flame-retardant
textiles)
• automotive, aeronautics and space (light-weight, high-
strength structural composites)
• industrial engineering (e.g. coating of wind-turbine rotor
blades, industrial robot arms)
 MAJOR IMPACTS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
SOCIETY
 HEALTH:
Diagnostics,
Cancer
treatment and
targeted drug
delivery.
 NANOBOTS OR
MOLECULAR SCALE
WORKERS can employ
molecular processes
within cells which can
deliver drugs to
specific molecular
sites or even carry out
surgery.
Diagnose prevalent
contagious disease
like HIV/AIDS,
malaria,
tuberculosis, and
etc. using screening
devices using
nanotechnology.
 MATERIALS:
Sports industry,
cosmetics,
clothing and
space elevators.
 Technology:
Faster processing,
morphing
computers and
smaller, more
powerful mobile
devices.
Environment:
Cleaner energy,
better energy
storage and
treatment of
water.
MAJOR PROBLEM OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
 Due to its size, a
nanoparticle is not easy
to analyze. Hence,
there’s no complete
sense of the potential
effects for human body
and to the entire
components of the
environment.
THE BREAKTHROUGH OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
 Ideas of nanotechnology were
first used in talk "There's Plenty
of Room at the Bottom,” a talk
given by the scientist Richard
Feynman at an American
Physical Society meeting at
Caltech on December 29, 1959.
Feynman described a way to
move individual atoms to build
smaller instruments and
operate at that scale.
Feynman's simple idea seemed
possible.
 The word
"nanotechnology" was
explained by Tokyo
Science University
Professor Norio
Taniguchi in a 1974
paper. He said that
nanotechnology was the
work of changing materials
by one atom or by one
molecule.
In the 1980s this idea was
studied by Dr. K. Eric
Drexler, who spoke and
wrote about the
importance of nano-scale
events. "Engines of
Creation: The Coming Era
of Nanotechnology" (1986)
is thought to be the
willythirst book on
nanotechnology.
 Nanotechnology and Nano
science started with two key
developments: the start of
cluster science and the
invention of the scanning
tunneling microscope
(STM). Soon afterwards, new
molecules with carbon were
discovered - first fullerenes in
1986 and carbon nanotubes a
few years later.
 In another development, people
studied how to make
semiconductor nano crystals.
Many metal oxide nanoparticles
are now used as quantum dots
(nanoparticles where the
behaviour of single electrons
becomes important). In 2000, the
United States National
Nanotechnology Initiative
began to develop science in this
field.