chemistry in

everyday life
 introduction
Recall that pure substances are either compounds
or elements. They possess intramolecular and
intermolecular forces of attraction due to the
differences in the electronegativities of the
constituent atoms or molecules.
The attraction brought upon by electronegative
differences affects the physical properties of a
substance such as solubility, melting point,
boiling point, vapor pressure and viscosity.
Scientist have applied these concepts to create
materials that will match the necessities in our
home, community, industry and medicine to
improve the quality of our life.
01
OBJECTIVES
 GOALS
IN THIS MODULE, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO:
• explain the uses of the following materials
depending on their properties: (a) medical
implants/prostheses, (b) sports equipment, (c)
electronic devices, (d) construction supplies for
buildings and furniture, and (e) household
gadgets;
• explain how the properties of the above
materials are determined by their structures;
and
• identify new innovations connected with some
02
BASIC
CONCEPTS
 DEFINITIONS
PROSTHESES
The human body is vulnerable to injuries and aging,
which result in loss of functionality of certain body
parts. To regain the parts' previous functionality, the
use of standardized parts and mechanism in the form
of Medical Implant' Prostheses has been introduced as
a replacement or reconstruction of the human
skeleton.
COMPUTER NUMERICALLY
CONTROLLED (CNC)
Computer numerically contolled (CNC) proceduce is
the production of prostheses that is a unique to one
patient. It also involves titanium and zirconium
deposition to create a surface that is porous and
fibrous similar to that of the bone to increase
biocompatibity
ELECTRON BEAM MELTING
To remedy the adverse(EBM)
effects of implants, recent
developments in the production of prostheses or
medical implants include the customization of bone
parts that are exclusive to the patient's need. An
example of such procedure is electron beam melting
(EBM) that uses powdered titanium (Ti) to be melted
on the surface of the cast under vacuum and high
temperature electron beam exposure.
PYROLYTIC CARBON
(PYROCARBON)
Aside from EBM and CNC procedures, the use of
pyrocarbon has been introduced as one of the new
innovations in the field of prostheses. Pyrocarbon is a
cabon-based material that is heated to decomposition .
SPORTS
EQUIPMENT
Another offshoot of materials science and
engineering is in the fields of sports and
recreation. This has been done not only to
increase sports efficiency and effectiveness of
athletes regardless of what specific type of
sports they are playing, but most importantly, to
minimize possible injuries for athletes and for
those playing sports for recreation and fitness.
Another polymer that is being used in sports
equipment and facilities is polyurethane - a
thermoplastic that contains the urethane
(NHCOO) group and is characterized by its
versatility in form.
 Electronic Device
One prime result of the continuous development of materials science and
engineering is widely observable and utilized in the field of electronics,
especially in harnessing renewable energy. The utilization of graphene makes a
promising future in solar panel production. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon,
whose structure is a single planar sheet of sp² bonded carbon atoms that are
densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. In this material, the carbon atoms
are arrange in a regular hexagonal pattern. Graphene can be described as a one-
atom thick layer of the mineral graphite ( many layers of graphene stacked
together, effectively forming crystalline flake graphite). it is very light , with a 1
(m)2 (squarred yan ha) sheet weighing only 0.77 milligrams.
 Electronic Device
Graphene has a unique combination of high electrical conductivity and optical
transparency, which makes it a good candidate for use in solar cells. A single
sheet of graphene is a zero-bandgap semiconductor, whose charge carriers are
delocalized over large areas, implying that electrons scattering does not occur.

Because graphene only absorbs 2.3% of invisible light, it can be used as a

transparent conductor.Moreover, graphene films produced via solution
processing contain lattice defects and grain boundaries that act.
 CONSTRUCTION SUPPLIES
FOR BUILDINGS AND
FURNITURE
Since one of the new revolutions in the field of construction is the advocacy for a
greener future, a paradigm shift from the excessive use of synthetic-based
construction supplies to a combination of natural and artificial resources with
ideal property has been eivdent.
One significant example of such structure is the London Olympic Stadium,
which was used in the 2012 Olympics. The stadium is said to be "wrapped" with
fabric panels, which served as the finishing touch of the stadium.
The fabric panels were mainly composed of polyester and polyethylene, and are
25 m high and 2.5 m wide. Prints on these panels used UV-curable inks rather
than solvent based paints to make them more environment friendly.
 ADDITIONAL
resources
HOUSEHOLD GADGETS
In recent years, household equipment and gadgets have also undergone continous
development and innovations, which were made possible by materials science and
engineering to cater to the changing needs of people. Some technological innovations
include auto-cleaning, which can kill bacteria and germ through radiation, and UV
light exposure. One promising technology that is being employed in the household
equipment is minimizing human contact by making these kinds of equipment
sensitive to various stimuli and making them respond automatically.
03
CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS
 ACTIVITY
Choose at least three appliances or gadgets in
your home. Make a time line of the developments
and innovations that these appliances have
undergone over the years. Highlights the changes
in the performance of the said appliances or
gadgets.
 REFLECTION
REFLECT UPON
How does materials science and
engineering shape the trend in
material innovation? Write your
answer in 1 whole sheet of
paper.
THANK
YOU!
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Group 6 - Physics 1
ILLUSTRATIONS