CHANGE-ORIENTED

LEADERSHIP

LEADERSHIP AND EFFECTIVE

MANAGEMENT
 Leadership and Followership
• Leadership has nothing to do with position.
A leader can be a person who emerges from
a team meeting with a creative idea. A
leader may be one for only a moment.
• Followership in organizations is the process
of being guided and directed by a leader in
the work environment. Leaders and
followers are companions in these
processes.
 Charismatic Leadership

• Defining Charismatic Leadership

– Charismatic leaders have a combination
of charm and personal magnetism that
contribute to a remarkable ability to get
other people to endorse their vision and
promote it passionately.
 Charismatic Leadership
Charismatic Leadership: emphasizes symbolic
leader behavior that transforms employees to
pursue organizational goals over self-interests
 Charismatic Leaders
- use visionary and inspirational messages
- rely on non-verbal communication
- appeal to ideological values
- attempt to intellectually stimulate employees
- display confidence in self and followers
- set high performance expectations
 Characteristics of Charismatic Leaders
• Visionary
• Superb communication skills
• Self-confidence & moral conviction
• Ability to inspire trust
• High risk orientation
• High energy & action orientation
• Relational power base
• Empowers others
• Self-promoting personality
 Characteristics of Followers of
Charismatic Leaders
• High degree of respect & esteem for the
leader
• Loyalty & devotion to the leader
• Affection for the leader
• High performance expectations
• Unquestioning obedience
 Elements of Charismatic Situations

• Sense of actual or imminent crisis

• Perceived need for change
• Opportunity to articulate ideological goal
• Availability of dramatic symbols
• Opportunity to clearly articulate followers’
role in managing the crisis
 Transactional Leadership
Transactional Leadership: focuses on the
interpersonal interactions between
managers and employees
 Transactional Leaders
- use contingent rewards to motivate
employees
- exert corrective action only when
employees fail to obtain performance
goals
 Factors that Describe
Transformational Leaders

Intellectual Management
Stimulation by Exception

Individual Contingent
Attention Charisma Reward
 How Transformations Take Place

• Raise people’s awareness

• Help people look beyond self-interest
• Help people search for self-fulfillment
• Help people understand need for change
• Invest managers with sense of urgency
• Commit to greatness
• Adopt a long-range, broad perspective
 Transformational Broadening and
Leadership elevating
Charisma follower goals Performance
Inspiration beyond
Intellectual stimulation expectations
Individualized
consideration

Transactional
Leadership Leader/Follower
Contingent reward Exchange
Agreed upon
Management by
performance
exception (active)
Management by
exception (passive)
 Practices of Change-Oriented and
Visionary Leadership
• Challenging the process, searching out
opportunities, and experimenting
• Creating a shared vision; Focus on future &
include followers’ vision
• Enabling followers to implement vision through
collaboration & empowerment
• Role modeling & recognizing small successes
• Encouraging the heart through enthusiasm &
frequent feedback
 In Summary:
• Have passion & enthusiasm for what you
do.
• Develop your credibility & behavior with
integrity at all times.
• Clarify your vision & values, & endeavor to
find common ground with your followers
• Include followers in decision making &
delegate to implement
• Role model the desired behaviors.
Recommendations for Effective Followership
• Offer support to leader.
• Take initiative.
• Play counseling & coaching roles to leader, when
appropriate.
• Raise issues &/or concerns when necessary.
• Seek & encourage honest feedback.
• Clarify your role & expectations.
• Show appreciation.
• Keep the leader informed.
• Resist inappropriate influence of leader.