BEHAVIOUR OF REAL GASES

WHAT ARE REAL GASES?

The term ‘real gas’ usually refers to a gas that does not
behave like an ideal gas. 

WHAT ARE IDEAL GASES?

Ideal gases are the gases which have elastic collisions
between their molecules and there are no 
intermolecular attractive forces. 

THEREFORE….
Real gases (also known as non-ideal gases) are gases that do
not follow the Kinetic molecular theory, so they deviate from
being an ideal gas.
The factors that make them real gases instead of ideal gases
are:
Real gases do occupy some volume.
Real gases have some intermolecular (attractive) forces
present.
Examples of ideal gases include noble gases (group 18 of the
periodic table), diatomic molecules such as H 2, O2, Cl2, and
polyatomic molecules like NH3, CO2, and water vapor. Really
any gases you can think of are real gases, except for the
theoretical ideal gases.
DEVIATION FROM IDEAL GASES

Gases deviate from the behavior of ideal gases when they are
at low temperatures and high pressures. At high pressures, the
gas particles get closer together. As pressure increases,
volume decreases. When gases have low temperatures, their
kinetic energy is low since temperature, and kinetic energy is
directly proportional to one another. This low temperature
makes it great for the attractive forces to be able to interact
with the gas molecules because of their slower speed. The
low temperature also makes the gas more compressible.
There are two properties used to measure how much a gas
deviates from the ideal gas law. One being fugacity and the other
compressibility factor. Fugacity works like the activity for gases
and is hard to find values for it. However, the compressibility
factor (Z) is often used in industrial applications and you can
easily get measured values for it. Here is an equation for this:
 Z = pV/nRT
Where:
z represents compressibility factor
P represents gas pressure
V represents gas volume
n represents the amount of substances in moles
R represents the universal gas constant (8.314J/K.mol)
T represents temperature
WHO DISCOVERED THE REAL GAS LAW?

Johannes van der Waals, a Dutch physics professor, wanted

to adapt the ideal gas law into a law that would be suitable
for the behavior of real gases. So, in 1873, van der Waals
derived the real gas law from the ideal gas law.
Van der Walls then needed to modify the equation to
account for the finite volume of the gas particles and the
presence of intermolecular forces. So he came up with
a formula for calculating real gas, which he called the van
der Waals equation for real gases.