SOCIOLOGY AND THE

SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE

CHUDOVA IRINA ALEXANDROVNA

DAUZA14@GMAIL.COM
 1. INVITATION TO SOCIOLOGY: DEFINITION AND SUBJECT OF
SOCIOLOGY

-A SCIENCE THAT STUDIES THE LIFE AND ACTIVITIES OF PEOPLE LIVING IN A SOCIETY
OF THEIR OWN KIND, AS WELL AS THE RESULTS OF THIS JOINT ACTIVITY (P. SOROKIN)

SUBJECT:
- THE BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE AS SOCIAL BEINGS (A.GIDDENS)
 
 - CERTAIN SOCIAL ORDER, ITS FORMATION, STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT
TRENDS (H.FRYER)
 
 2.THE "ABC" OF SOCIOLOGY
2.1 THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY
• SOCIOLOGY IS THE ONLY SCIENCE THAT STUDIES HOW THE HUMAN MIND AND PSYCHE ARE IMPROVED UNDER THE
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL LIFE (O.COMTE)

! WE ARE ALL INDIVIDUALS BELONGING TO A CERTAIN NATIONALITY,

LIVING IN A CERTAIN GEOGRAPHICAL AREA, WITH CERTAIN FAMILY TIES AND
WITH CERTAIN POLITICAL RELATIONS (G.MEAD)

2.2 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

SOCIOLOGISTS SEEK TO FIND OUT WHY PEOPLE BEHAVE IN A CERTAIN WAY.. (N.SMELSER)

THE INTERWEAVING OF MEANINGS, EXPECTATIONS, BEHAVIOR BASED ON MUTUAL ORIENTATION (BERGER P.)
-SOCIETY- MUTUAL AGREEMENT RELATIONS
 2.3 SOCIAL RELATIONS AND SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS
SOVIOLOGY - SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF SOCIETY AND SOCIAL RELATIONS (SMELSER N.)
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS= ORGANS OF SELF-ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT THAT SATISFY
SOCIAL NEEDS (FAMILY, RELIGION, STATE, ECONOMY, ETC.) (SPENCER H.)

ALL THE INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIETY FORM A SINGLE WHOLE, ARE INTERDEPENDENT, EACH
SATISFIES A CERTAIN SOCIAL NEED
REGULATORY (BRAIN*STATE),
PRODUCING/SUPPORTING (FOOD PRODUCTION*NUTRITION),
DISTRIBUTIVE (CIRCULATORY*DIVISION OF LABOR).
 SOCIETY-SYSTEM: ORGANISM AND
MECHANISM

• .

Individuals: Control,
INTEGRATION organisation
Regulation of
human behavior:
morality, norms and
values
Institution

Social relation
and social
behavior
 2.4 SOCIALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION

• SOCIALIZATION = THE MECHANISM OF INCLUSION OF AN INDIVIDUAL INTO

SOCIETY, AS A PART INTO A WHOLE

PERSONALITY IS
-A SET OF ROLES AND EXPECTATIONS
-INDIVIDUAL ORGANIZED IN A CERTAIN WAY
IN THE LEARNING PROCESS (PARSONS T.)
SYSTEM SOCIALIZATION
IDENTIFICATION AND THE SEARCH OF IDENTITY

WHO AM I

WHERE IS MY HOME

WHERE TO GO?
 3. SOCIOLOGY IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOCIAL
WORLD

• 3.1 SOCIAL REALITY

AND COMMON SENSE

EXAMPLE: ROMANTIC LOVE IS A NATURAL PART OF A PERSON'S LIFE EXPERIENCE, SO IT IS COMMON

IN ALL SOCIETIES AND IS CLOSELY RELATED TO MARRIAGE
 3. SOCIOLOGY IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF
THE SOCIAL WORLD

• 3.2 SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

 3. SOCIOLOGY IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF
THE SOCIAL WORLD
• 3.3 SOCIOLOGICAL THINKING. THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION.
MAKE THE KNOWN UNKNOWN (BRETON PH.)

THE ABILITY TO SEE AND UNDERSTAND THIS CONNECTION BETWEEN BROAD SOCIAL
FORCES AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCES — WHAT C. WRIGHT MILLS CALLED “THE
SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION”
 WHAT IS SOCIETY?

• «SOCIETY IS NOT SIMPLE, AND ALSO NON-NEUTRAL TO ANY CATEGORICAL FORMS

IMPOSED ON IT,
• SOCIETY IS CONTRADICTORY AND YET DEFINABLE;
• RATIONAL AND IRRATIONAL AT THE SAME TIME;
• SYSTEMIC AND FRAGILE,
• REPRESENTS A BLIND NATURE AND IS MEDIATED BY CONSCIOUSNESS,
• === SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS SHOULD BOW TO HIM» (ADORNO T.)
 ?

• ? AND WHAT IS THE SOCIETY