Architecture of 8086

Presented by,
Md. Motaleb Hossen Manik
Lecturer
Dept. of CSE
KUET
Introduction
• 8086 is called a 16-bit microprocessor
• Has 16-bit data bus and registers
• But address bus is 20 bits long
• Can address up to 220 addresses
• 1 MB memory
Cont.
• Execution Unit
• Contains ALU
• Contains general purpose registers
• Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
• Contains segment registers
• Contains IP
Address Compute
Engine
Cont.
• Instruction stream byte queue
• As 8086 is faster than peripheral devices
• Stores instructions in advance
• Called pipelining
• But when a jump instruction occurs
• Has to clear the queue
• Otherwise the next instruction will be fetched from the queue rather than the
target instruction
Segment Registers and IP
• Code segment (CS)
• Data segment (DS)
• Stack segment (SS)
• Extra segment (ES)
• Instruction pointer (IP)
• They are used to calculate physical address in memory space
 How 16-bit registers are used
to calculate 20-bit addresses in
1MB memory?
These 20-bit address is outputted into A0 to A19 = 20 bits long
You as a programmer,
can map segment registers
anywhere in memory space
Modes of Operations
• Minimum mode (pin #30 is high)
• Cannot use additional co-processor with 8086
• Responsible to generate all control signals
• For a simple application
• Maximum mode (pin #30 is low)
• Can add extra co-processor with 8086
• External bus controller is responsible for generating all control signals of
memory and I/O
• Used for complex applications
Thank You