SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF RAIN INDUCED

LANDSLIDES WITH PRE PARTIAL SATURATION DUE

TO GROUND WATER

NAME- AMAN KUMAR

ROLL NO – 21CE4206
Under the supervision of
Dr. Radhikesh Prasad Nanda sir
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
3. PROBLEM
4. OBJECTIVE
5. METHODOLOGY
6. WORK SCHEDULE
 INTRODUCTION
• The analysis of landslides can be done through the use of some model slopes providing similar
situations as of land slides and its factor of saftey can be calculated under different circumstances.

• The analysis of landslides majorly depends upon the rain water infiltration , slope of the land
mass and the geotechnical properties of the soil present there.

• Landslides causes live losses and many financial losses like household losses, road blockage etc.
 LANDSLIDES
• The term “landslide” refers to the downward movement of masses of rock and soil.
• Landslides are caused by one or a combination of the following factors:
1. change in slope gradient
2. Increasing the load the land must bear
3. Shocks and vibrations
4. change in water content
5. Ground water movement
6. Frost action
 CHARECTRIC OF LAND WHERE LAND SLIDES
GENERALLY OCCUR
• A slope greater than 15 percent is present .
• Landslide activity or movement occurred during the last 100 years.
• Stream or wave activity which has caused erosion, undercut a bank or cut into a
bank to cause the surrounding land to be unstable.
• The presence or potential for snow avalanches.
• The presence of an alluvial fan which indicates vulnerability to the flow of debris
or sediments.
• The presence of impermeable soils, such as silt or clay, which are mixed with
granular soils such as sand and gravel.
 CAUSES OF LAND SLIDES

There are several causes of landslide. Some of the major causes are as follows:
• 1. Geological Weak Material: Weakness in the composition and structure of rock or soil may also cause
landslides.
• 2. Erosion: Erosion of slope toe due to cutting down of vegetation, construction of roads might increase the
vulnerability of the terrain to slide down.
• 3. Intense Rainfall: Storms that produce intense rainfall for periods as short as several hours or have a more
moderate intensity lasting several days have triggered abundant landslides. Heavy melting of snow in the hilly
terrains also results in landslide.
• 4. Human Excavation of slope and its toe, loading of slope/toe, draw down in reservoir, mining, deforestation,
irrigation, vibration/blast, Water leakage from surface.
• 5. Earthquake shaking has triggered landslides in many different topographic and geologic settings. Rock falls,
soil slides and rockslides rom steep slopes involving relatively thin or shallow dis-aggregated soils or rock, or
both have been the most abundant types of landslides triggered by historical earthquakes.
• 6. Volcanic eruption deposition of loose volcanic ash on hillsides commonly is followed by accelerated erosion
and frequent mud or debris flows triggered by intense rainfall.
 SOME OF MAJOR LANDSLIDES IN INDIA

• Malpa landslide, Uttarakhand: Consecutives landslides occurred  between August 11 and August

17 in 1998 in the village of Malpa where over 380 people died as the entire village washed away in
the landslide. The landslide is one of the worst landslides in India
• Mumbai landslide, Maharashtra: The landslide was caused in July 2000. The landslide took place
in the suburbs of Mumbai due heavy rains which was followed by land erosion. As per reports around
67 people died and the local trains were also stricken
• Amboori landslide, Kerala: The landslide was known as the worst landslide in Kerala's history. The
landslide occurred on November 9, 2001 due to heavy rains and around 40 people died in the incident
• Kedarnath landslide, Uttarakhand: The landslide took place on June 16, 2013 and was the result of
Uttarakhand floods. Over 5700 were reported dead and over 4,200 villages had been affected by the
floods and post-floods landslide
• Malin landslide, Maharashtra: The landslide occurred on July 30, 2014, in a village in Malin. The
landslide occurred due to heavy rainfall and around 151 people died and 100 people went missing
after the disaster.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

NAM E OF AUTHOR MODELS REMARKS

JOURNAL

A hill slope failure Chetan R. Shah, Laboratory test, Authors have found some view on the hill slope monitoring and
analysis: A case study of Sandip S. Sathe, determined the shear strength parameters in laboratory of the
Malingoan village, Prashant. B. sample and then applied the formula of infinite slopes for the
Maharashtra, India
GEOLOGY, ECOLOGY, Bhagawati & determination of factor of saftey.
AND LANDSCAPES Santosh S.
2021, VOL. 5, NO. 1, 1–6 Mohite

Landslide hazards and Rajinder Bhasin , GIS Author has done the montoring of annual precipitation in
mitigation measures at Eystein Mathematical different areas o sikkim and he has also monitered the
Gangtok, Grimstad , Jan modeling landslidess occuring due to the excess rainfall in different areas
Sikkim Himalaya Otto Larsen , of sikkim. Several mitigation measures have been explored
Engineering Geology Ashok K. for monitoring and limiting the landslide hazards.Monitoring
64 (2002) 351–368 Dhawan , techniques include pore-water pressure measurements using
Rajbal Singh , piezometers and measurement of ground movement by means of
S.K. Verma , K. triangulation.
Venkatachalam
 LITERATURE REVIEW

NAME OF AUTHOR MODELS REMARKS

JOURNAL

Landslide FE Stability L. Kellezi PLAXIS 2D Authors have done the stability analysis of sliding section along
Analysis S. Allkja a road. Stability of the landslide is evaluated based on the FE
P. B. Hansen modeling . PLAXIS FE program is used and a 2D modeling is
applied. The sliding planes are modeled employing interface
elements. The material set for these elements (and the soil
layers), considering the available parameters, consist of Mohr
Coulomb type with friction equal to the residual friction
angle. On the basis of FE stability analysis the sliding section is
evaluated to be unstable.
Slope Stability Thambidurai. P Geoslopes Author has done first the geotechnical investigation of the site
Investigation of and Maneesha and determined the different geotechnical parameters changing
Chandmari Vinodini Ramesh due to rain water infiltration then determined the shear strength
parameters of the slope and found that the lower portion of the
in Sikkim,
slope is failing due to rain water infiltration.Then the results
Northeastern were compared to the model made in geoslopes with same
IndiaAdvancing Culture conditions and results were similar.
of Living with
Landslides,
10.1007/978-3-319-
53498-5_42
 LITERATURE REVIEW

NAME OF AUTHOR MODELS REMARKS

JOURNAL

Rain-induced slope S.W.C. Au Physical Author has first collected the data of annual rain fall and rain fall
instability in Hong modelling in a month annualy along the year . Then the data of frequency
Kong of landslide was collected. Now the authors have collected the
Engineering Geology data of various geotechnical parameters and a physical model is
51 (1998) 1–36 prepared and then change in shear strength and geotechnical
parameters are measured and slope stability analysis is done by
mathematical models.

Stability analysis of an Xiao-ping Chen ANSYS Author has made a sample model of an ancient landslide and
ancient landslide I Hong-hu Zhu has analysed it with finite element models. Laboratory tests
considering I Jing-wu Huang were conducted to obtain the peak and residual strengths of
shear strength reduction I Dong Liu the slip zone soil . An empirical strain-dependent model was
used to describe the strength reduction behavior of the slip
behavior of slip zone zone soil. This model was implemented in the finite element
soil software ANSYS, which was applied to simulate how the failure
Liu,10.1007/s10346- zone propagates within the landslide during reservoir
015-0629-7 impoundment.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

NAME OF AUTHOR MODELS REMARKS

JOURNAL

Rainfall-induced Slope Prasenjit Basu Physical Author has first studied the increase in pore water pressure due
Instability – the role of modelling to increase in the partial saturation due to increase or decrease in
Partial Saturation ground water level . Then he assumed some model slopes for the
analysis and determined the factor of saftey for different types of
slopes having different geotechnical properties.Their factor of
saftey were compared and then the probabilistic approach was
implemented for the slope stability analysis and the results from
both the methods were compared.
Model Experimental Feng Xiao Physical Authors first created a physical data with some assumed data of
Study on Stress Heng-J modelling soils and then its slope stability was measured experimentally
Transfer and BoWangunHou with some arbitary surcharge load applied on it and then factor
Redistribution in a Clay Quan-XiangDeng of saftey of the model was calculated mathematically . Then
Landslide under same model was created in geoslopes and factor of saftey was
Surcharge Load calculated from there and results were compared .The factor of
Advances in Materials saftey was nearly equal.
Science and
Engineering
Volume 2020, Article
ID 4269043, 14 pages
 LITERATURE REVIEW

NAME OF AUTHOR MODELS REMARKS

JOURNAL

Bappaditya Manna Experimental Author has created physical models of slopes 30 °, 45° , 60°
Effect of surcharge Saurabh Rawat modelling angles , then the deformation is calculated for for different
load on stability of surcharge loads and different cohesion values of the soil .
slopes - testing and Same models are then made in to geoslopes fe program and the
analysis factor of saftey is calculated which is found similar.
EJGE Vol. 19 [2014],
Bund. N
 PROBLEM IDENTIFIED
• Slope stability analysis of rain induced land slides
• The soil mass is partially saturated due to ground water present near it.
• There is a surcharge load acting on the top of slope .
• Strenthening of slopes by insertion of piles in slope.
 OBJECTIVE
• To analyse the stability of land mass slope when there is a surcharge
load acting on it with different amount of rain infiltration.
• To get the factor of saftey for different slopes with different
geotechnical properties of soil.
• To see the increase in factor of saftey when piles are driven inside the
slope surface.
 METHODOLOGY
• Model slopes of different slope angles and different geotechnical
properties will be considered.
• A known amount of rain infiltration will be applied to the slopes.
• A fixed amount of surcharge load will be applied on the top of the
slopes.
• A slope stability analysis in “PLAXIS 3D” software will be done.
• Some known amount of piles will be inserted.
• A slope analysis of the slope will be done again.
 WORK SCHEDULE

Activity 2nd sem 3rd sem 4th sem

Literature review
Numerical modeling
Validation
Write up
 REFERENCES

1. S.W.C. Au,(1998), Rain-induced slope instability in Hong Kong , Engineering Geology 51 (1998) 1–36.
2. Bhasin.R, Grimstad.E, Larsen,J.O , Dhawan. A.K (2002)Landslide hazards and mitigation measures at
Gangtok,Sikkim Himalaya , Bhasin.R, Engineering Geology 64 (2002) 351–368
3. Xiao-ping Chen, Hong-hu Zhu , Jing-wu Huang, Dong (2015) Stability analysis of an ancient landslide
considering shear strength reduction behavior of slip soil, Liu,10.1007/s10346-015-0629-7
4. Thambidurai. P and Maneesha Vinodini Ramesh, (2017)Slope Stability Investigation of Chandmari in
Sikkim, Northeastern India, Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides, 10.1007/978-3-319-53498-
5_42
5. Kumar. V, Gupta. V, Jamir. I , Chattoraj.S.L, (2018)Evaluation of potential landslide damming: Case
study of Urni landslide, Kinnaur, Satluj valley, India, Geoscience Frontiers xxx (2018) 1e15
6. Shah. C.R, Sathe. S.S, Bhagwati .P.B, Mohite .S.S, (2019) A hill slope failure analysis: A case study
of Malingoan village, Maharashtra,India, , GEOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND LANDSCAPES 2021,
VOL. 5, NO. 1, 1–6
7. Heng-JunHou (2020) Model experimental study on stress transfer and redistribution in a clay
landslide under surcharge load, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Volume 2020, Article
ID 4269043, 14 pages

8. Manna.B , Rawat.S, Zodinpuii.R, Sharma. K.G (2014) Effect of Surcharge Load on Stability of
Slopes Testing and Analysis, Vol. 19 [2014], Bund. N
9. ZHU Hong-Hu (2014) Distributed Fiber Optic Monitoring and Stability Analysis of a Model Slope
under Surcharge Loading, , J.Mt.Sci.(2014) 11(4): 979-989