BALANCING

METHODS
 UNBALANCE MEASUREMENT

Unit of Unbalance : gram-mm

Force Due to Unbalance:

F = mr²
Vibration amplitude is proportional to unbalance and can
be used to represent the amount of unbalance at a
particular constant speed.
 BASICS OF VIBRATION

Vibration Parameters & Units:

• Amplitude – Velocity, Displacement, Acceleration

• Frequency – Hertz, CPM, Order of RPM
• Phase – Degree
 VIBRATION PLOTS

• Spectrum: Plot of vibration amplitude in frequency domain

• Waveform: Plot of vibration amplitude in time domain

221P - FD FAN 221P - FD FAN

221-F01 A -M1H Motor NDE Horizontal 221-F01 A -M1H Motor NDE Horizontal
1.4 1.5
Route Spectrum Waveform Display
02-Mar-05 10:11:10 02-Mar-05 10:11:10
1.2
1.2 OVRALL= 1.84 V-DG RMS = .4900
PK = 1.83 LOAD = 100.0
0.9
1.00

LOAD = 100.0 RPM = 1480.

RPM = 1495. RPS = 24.67
1.0 RPS = 24.91 0.6
PK(+) = 1.15
PK Velocity in mm/Sec

PK(-) = 1.17

Acceleration in G-s
0.3 CRESTF= 2.38
0.8
3.00

0.6
2.00

-0.3
6.01

0.4 -0.6
4.02

-0.9
0.2
-1.2

0 -1.5
Ordr: .990
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Freq: 1479.9
Frequency in Order Spec: 1.035 Revolution Number
 HEAVY SPOT & HIGH SPOT

• Heavy Spot : Location of unbalance mass

• High Spot : Location of the highest vibration caused by

heavy spot with respect to a reference point
 CHARACTERISTICS OF VIBRATION
DUE TO UNBALANCE

• High vibration at 1x RPM of the machine

• Sinusoidal, simple non-impacting time waveform display.
• Very low amplitude harmonics.
• Reasonably non-directional
• radial vibration with phase difference approximately 900 +/-
300 among orthogonal probes.
• However, horizontal vibrations are seen higher in horizontal
machines due to unequal distribution in radial stiffness.
• High axial vibration in overhung rotor.
• Unbalance vibration increases with increase of speed.
 SPECTRUM OF UNBALANCE
714 - FIRE WATER PUMPS
714-P002 A-M1H Motor NDE Horizontal
70
ANALYZE SPECTRUM
60 14-Sep-01 15:36:39
PK Velocity in mm/Sec

1.00

PK = 49.60
50
LOAD = 100.0
40 RPM = 1490.
RPS = 24.83
30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Frequency in Order

12 WAVEFORM DISPLAY
14-Sep-01 15:36:39
9
Velocity in mm/Sec

PK = 12.46
6 PK(+) = 13.34
3 PK(-) = 12.68
0 CRESTF= 1.51
-3
-6
-9
-12
-15
Ordr: 1.007
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Freq: 1499.8
Revolution Number Spec: 46.30
 IN-SITU BALANCING

• Graphical method using polar plot

• Graphical method using 3-Point Balancing method

• Using Balancing Software

STEP-1 : Reference Run

'O' = 10 mm/sec @ 120

STEP-2 : Trial Weight Run

'O' = 10 mm/sec @ 120

'O+T' = 16 mm/sec @ 30
 STEP-3 CALCULATION

Correction Weight = Trail weight x ‘O’ / ‘T’

For our example CW = 10 x 10 x 18.8 = 5.3 gms
3-POINT METHOD OF
BALANCING
 3-Point Balancing
PROCEDURE
Three point method gives you the size and the
location angle, without guessing , of the balancing
weight.

Be sure of the following :

1. Choose the same speed during all test runs

2. Use the same radius for test weights
3. Use the same radius for balancing weight
 STEP-1
STEP-1 REFERENCE RUN

B RECORD REFERENCE RUN

VIBRATION.

DRAW CIRCLE WITH

AMPLITUDE EQUAL TO THIS
R1 VIBRATION, CALL IT RADIUS
o
R1
C A
Divide the circle into three equal
parts approximately 1200 same as
mark on impeller divide it three
equal parts as A,B,C
 STEP-2
Step-2: TRIAL WEIGHT 0°
B
Put trial weight (gms) in
the first trial position at
0° (Location-A)
R1
o Run the machine and
R2 A record vibration.
C
Draw circle with this
radius equal to
amplitude of vibration
 STEP-3
Step:3 TRIAL WEIGHT 120°
B
R3 Put the same trial weight at
second location of 120°
(Location B)
R1
o Run the machine and Record
R2 A the vibration level
C
Draw another circle with
radius equal to amplitude of
vibration , let it be R3
 STEP-4
Step:4
B TRIAL WEIGHT AT 240°
R3 Again run the M/C by
putting same trial weight at
R5 D
R1 location C of 240°
o
R2 Note the vibration level
C R4 A as R4 and draw circle with
this radius and center as C.
 STEP-5
Step:5
B
All the three circles will
R3 intersect each other at one
single location D.
R5 D
R1
O Draw vector from O to the
R2 point of intersection D.
C R4 A
Measure this vector
amplitude as R5.
 STEP-5
Step:5 BALANCING SOLUTION

A) AMOUNT OF CORRECTION WEIGHT

Correction weight = ( P * R1)/R5

Where :
P=Trail weight
R1=Initial test run Amplitude
R5=distance from R1 to the point where
all three circles intersects R5
 STEP-6
Step:6 BALANCING SOLUTION

B)Location of correction weight:

check the angle of R5 (A to B in anti clock wise

direction )