INTERTEXTUALIT

Y AS A DRAMA
WHAT IS INTERTEXTUALITY?

Intertextuality was a term coined by a French linguist, Julia

Kristeva. It refers to the effective presence of a text (e.g.,
novel) in another text (e.g., novel). Intertextuality is the use of
original text (e.g., Romeo and Juliet book) as a reference of the
current text (e.g. song
LITERARY DEVICE:
1. Allusion- a subtle or indirect reference of a text, historical period or religious
beliefs
• He is as strong as Hercules.(mythological character)
• She is the Gabriela Silang of our times.(Philippine hero)
• His smile is like kryptonite to me. (Superman’s weakness)
• If I’m not home by midnight, my car might turn into a pumpkin. (Cinderella)
• arrow of love (allusion to Cupid)
• looking like Venus (alluding to the goddess of beauty)

2. Parody- an imitation of other texts for satirical purpose which is usually to mock
• Pride and Prejudice with Zombies by Seth Grahame-Smith:
It is a truth universally acknowledged that a zombie in possession of brains must be in want of
more brains.
• Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen:
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must
be in want of a wife.
3. Quotation- a direct reference to another text by citing its author or composer
• In Margaret Atwood's speech, Spotty Handed Villainesses, she quotes Dame Rebecca
West, saying, "Ladies of Great Britain... we have not enough evil in us."
• "To be or not to be" is being used in a lot of texts nowadays which is originally from
Shakespeare's Hamlet.

4. Adaptation- a film, TV drama or stage play that is based on written work

• J.K Rowling’s Harry Potter book to movie
• The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien book to movie

5. Translation- transfers, 'carries across', a text into a different language, recreates

it a new
• Twilight book translated from English language to Filipino
DRAMA (SCRIPT) WRITING
WHAT IS script writing?
Script writing is the process of writing stories in the screenplay
medium. It involves writing down the movement, actions,
expression and dialogue of characters in screenplay format.
Scriptwriters write for film, television, video games, and online
web series, and can be done for hire or on speculation.

Script writing considerations:

• Externalize a character's internal motivations.
• Tell a story visually.
• Use proper screenplay format.
Formatting:
1.Sluglines- Script writing is the process of writing stories in the screenplay medium. It
involves writing down the movement, actions, expression and dialogue of characters in
screenplay format. Scriptwriters write for film, television, video games, and online web
series, and can be done for hire or on speculation.

2.Action lines-Screenplays should be written in the present tense and visually

descriptive, with action lines telling the reader what they will see and hear in the film.

3.Dialogue-is straight-forward. At least in terms of formatting. Writing good dialogue is a

topic all its own. You center and capitalize a character ID and put dialogue underneath.
Your character ID need not be your entire character’s name. It could be a first name, a
last name, or an alias.

4.Extensions- go next to a character name in parentheses and tell us how the dialogue is
heard by the audience. Most screenwriting software will provide the standard screenplay
format extensions once you start typing the parenthetical. They are:
• VOICE OVER (V.O.) - When a character is speaking over the action but isn’t heard by the
other characters in the scene. Usually, narration but can also be a character's internal
monologue

• OFF SCREEN (O.S.) - When a character is speaking and is heard by other characters but
can't be seen by the audience or other characters. Just write (O.S.) next to the character's
name. "Off camera" or (O.C.) is also acceptable.
 Examples of extensions include:
 Someone making an announcement over a loudspeaker.
 A character making a dramatic surprise entrance.
 A disembodied ghostly voice.

• INTO DEVICES
 Fairly self-explanatory 3 characters speaking into their phones or radios, rather than to
each other in person. This is most useful when characters are speaking to someone on
the phone and someone right next to them. Or when using a local news station for
expository information.

• PRE-LAP - Dialogue from the next scene that starts before the current scene has ended.
Simply write "pre-lap" in the parentheses next to the character's name.
5.Parentheticals-Are directions to the actor 3 they detail how the line should be performed.
Some examples include: AS LOUD AS POSSIBLE, PAINFULLY, TEARFULLY, WHISPERING,
LAUGHING.

6.Transitions- indicate how an editor should transition between two scenes 3 they're on the
far right of the page (right justified) and placed between two scenes.
• CUT TO: It is also widely used when formatting multi-cam scripts as it marks the end of a
scene.
• SMASH TO: This is a really, really, abrupt cut. The kind of cut that comes in mid-sentence.
• DISSOLVE TO: one scene

7.Subheaders-are like mini-sluglines that indicate another place or time within a scene. They
are even formatted like sluglines - left-justified and capitalized.

8.Shots-Formatted like a caps-locked action line, shots direct our attention to a specific visual
or way of seeing something.

9.Montage or scene heading-To start a montage, training or otherwise, write "Begin Montage"
as if it were a sub header. Then list out your scenes as you normally would. Once the montage
is over close off your montage with "End Montage," again written as if it were a sub header.
10.Lyrics-are tricky when it comes to how to format a screenplay, particularly when they must
be matched to action on the screen. No screenwriting software has a lyric element.

11.Chyrons-are the text that appears over the screen 3 usually used to indicate the time and
place of the scene to the audience. You’ll see this sort of thing a lot in military or spy movies.

12.End of act-Whenever you reach the end of an act (or teaser) where the show would cut to
commercial break, note it by putting