LANGUAGE AND

LINGUISTICS
PRESENTED BY MELTEM AYABAKAN İPEK
WHAT IS LANGUAGE?

Language is a system of communication. It can be written or spoken. According to

Saussure, lg is a system of signs.

Language is one of the qualities that make people human (Aksan, 2007:11).
Language is the strongest of the bonds that make a society a nation (Aksan, 2007:13).
GENERAL FEATURES OF LANGUAGE

 Living entity
 Abstract
 Productive
 Arbitrary
 Cultural transmission
WHAT IS LINGUISTICS?

Linguistics is the scientific study of language, science of language.

Linguistics is closely related with physics and physiology, philosophy, psychology,
sociology, and also ethnology, geography and mathematics.

Linguistics has micro and macro subfields.

MICRO SUBFIELDS

 Phonology
 Phonetics
 Morphology
 Semantics
 Syntax
 Pragmatics
MACRO SUBFIELDS

 Sociolinguistics
 Neurolinguistics
 Psycholinguistics
 Historical Ling.
 Computational Ling.
 Anthropological Ling.
PHONETICS

Phonetics studies the production, transmission, and reception of sound. Phonetics

belongs to descriptive linguistics. It doesn’t study one particular language. Phonetics
is the study of the production and perception of speech sounds.
PHONOLOGY

Phonology studies different patterns of sounds in different languages. Phonology

belongs to theoretical linguistics. It can study one specific language.
PHONETICS VS PHONOLOGY

Phonetics and phonology are two subfields of linguistics which studies the sounds in
language. Since both these fields are related to the production of sound, many people
do not understand the difference between phonetics and phonology. The main
difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is the study of speech
sounds whereas phonology is the study of sounds, especially different patterns of
sounds in different languages.
MORPHOLOGY

It is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words.
Morphology analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such as stems, root
words, prefixes, and suffixes.
SEMANTICS

Semantics is the study of meaning. Synonymy, antonymy, homonymy etc.

PRAGMATICS

It studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning.

SYNTAX

It is related with the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of
sentences (sentence structure) in a given language.
REFERENCES

 Aksan, D. (2007). Her yönüyle dil ana çizgileriyle dilbilim (2. baskı). Ankara:
Türk Dil Kurumu.