Lesson: 4

Abnormal Behavior

Group 1 powerpoint presentation

What is abonormal behavior?

 Abnormal Behavior – can be defined as a behavior which is away from or deviating from normal
behavior.
 Normal Behavior – is actually an embodiment of an ideal, such as the case of an ideal
policeman, ideal husband, ideal professor etc.
(Normal behavior is that which follows this ideal model, and abnormal behavior is that which
deviates from it.)

Sick Behavior
In our society, abnormal
behavior is most of the time
referred to as “sick” behavior.
 The professional judgment as to whether behavior is
obviously abnormal is independent on the presence of
certain symptoms which are characteristic of mental
illness.
(For example, does the person hears voices which are not
there or suffers hallucination, or false beliefs which are
strongly held despite reality or delusions)
 One of the basis of the abnormality of the behavior is the
degree of the ineffectiveness of the individual’s behavior.
In this regard behavior which is ineffective, self-
defeating, self -destructive, and which separates the
individual from those who are important to him, is
regarded as abnormal.
Common Misconceptions about Abnormal Behavior

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mentallyand
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Some beliefs ill persons experience
are not subject to the challenge of
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against reality and to modify his thinking reality.
 Delusion – may be defined as a false belief which is strongly held despite all test of reality. Many
based on the evidence presented.
of us have experienced beliefs that later turn out to be false.
The following are the general and specific characteristics of behavior which can be used to
serve as guidelines in assessing the problems:

 Appropriateness – The basis of a behavior’s appropriateness includes assessment of not only the
behavior itself but also the situation in which it is happening.
 Flexibility – Normal behavior, regardless of the place, tends to be .flexible and can be change in
order to fit the given situation.
 Impulsivity – Abnormal behavior, since it is related in part to uncontrolled or partially controlled
needs and drives, tends to be impulsive. Normal behavior is more likely to be a result of a
consideration of its consequences, with important decisions being given careful thought before
implementation.
Causes of Abnormal Behavior

 Frustration – the feeling of being upset or annoyed, especially because of inability to change or
achieve something.
 Frustration happens when a person is blocked in the satisfaction of a need. An individual faced with
frustration becomes anxious and restless and tries to seek or look for means of relieving these
anxieties. He tries to engage in various forms of activities that are intended to satisfy his needs and
reduce his tension.
Forms of Conflict

 Double Approach Conflict – A conflict that arises when two desirable activities that cannot be
pursued simultaneously.
 Double Avoidance Conflict – A conflict that arises when two undesirable situations in which the
avoidance of one is the exposure to the other .
 Approach- Avoidance Conflict – A kind of conflict that results when a person faces situation
having both desirable and undesirable feature.
 Multiple- Approach Avoidance Conflict – A kind of conflict that results when person is in aa
situation in which choice must be made between two or more alternatives.
Manifestations of Frustration

 Frustration happens when a person is blocked in the satisfaction of a need. An individual faced with
frustration becomes anxious and restless and tries to seek or look for means of relieving these
anxieties. He tries to engage in various forms of activities that are intended to satisfy his needs and
reduce his tension.
 A. Reactions to Frustration

People who suffers frustration reacts in one or two Known as fight-flight.

ways;
Fighting the problem in a getting angry and becoming Running away from the problem
constructive and direct way by aggressive; referred to as flight, which can
means of breaking down the be manifested by sulking,
 Coping
obstacles mechanism
preventing – The
the person way people react to frustration. retreating, becoming indifferent,
from reaching his goal; and giving up without a fight.
B. Frustration Tolerance

Most normal persons react to frustration in the following ways:

 Direct approach — can be seen among people who handle their problems in a very objective way.
They identify first the problem, look for the most practical and handy way to solve it, and proceeds
with the constructive manner of utilizing the solution which will produce the best results.
 Detour- when an individual realizes that in finding for the right solution of the problem, be always
end up with a negative outcome or result. Thus, he try to make a detour or change direction first
and find out if the solution or remedy is there.
 Substitution — most of time are resulted to in handling frustration when an original plan intended
to solve the problem did not produce the intended result, thus the most practical way to ice the
problem, is to look for most possible or alternative means.
 Withdrawal or retreat — is corresponding to running away from the problem or flight which to
some, is the safest way.
B. Frustration Tolerance

Most normal persons react to frustration in the following ways:

 Withdrawal or retreat — is corresponding to running away from the problem or flight which to
some, is the safest way.
 Developing feeling of inferiority — Being discourage to go on working for a way to handle a
frustration could result to diminishing self-confidence, until the time when inferiority complex sets in.
 Aggression — is a negative outcome of a person’s inability to handle frustration rightly.
Manifestation in physical behavior can be observed in one’s negative attitudes towards life both in
the personal and professional aspect.
 Use of defense mechanism - is the most tolerated way of handling frustration. It is man’s last
result when a person attempts to overcome fear from an anticipated situation or event.
Defense Mechanism

 Defense mechanism — are unconscious psychological processes that serve as a safety valve
that provides relief from emotional conflict and anxiety. They are forms of self-deception, which a
person may not be aware of.
 It should be noted that,, with the possible exception of repression, none of the so called defense
mechanisms are necessarily pathological or harmful to the individual using them.
 All of us use these psychological defense mechanism daily to protect us against guilt, tension,
anxiety, inferiority and other uncomfortable feelings. It is only when these mechanism are employed
indiscriminately and inappropriately or are not adequately developed that they become harmful to
oneself and others.
 Defense Mechanism

Among the most common ones used are:

 Displacement — strong emotion, such as anger, is displaced onto another person or object as
the recipient of said emotion (anger), rather than being focused on the person or object which
originally was the cause of said emotion.
 Rationalization-- is the defense mechanism that enables individuals to justify their behavior to
themselves and others by making excuses or formulating fictitious, socially approved arguments to
convince themselves and others that their behavior is logical and acceptable.
 Compensation — is the psychological defense mechanism through which people to overcome the
anxiety, associated with feelings of inferiority and inadequacy in one are of personality or body
image, by concentrating on another area where they can excel.
 Projection— manifest feelings and ideas which are unacceptable to the ego or the superego—
and are projected onto others so that the seem to have these feelings or ideas, which. free the
individual from the guilt and anxiety associated with them.
 Defense Mechanism

Among the most common ones used are:

 Reaction formation.— is defined as the development of a trait or traits which are the opposite of
tendencies that we do not want to recognize. The person is motivated to act in a certain way, but
behaves in the opposite way. Consequently, he is able to keep his urges and impulses under
control.
 Denial – When a person uses this mechanism, he refuses to recognize and deal with reality
because of strong inner needs.
 Repression— is an unconscious process where by unacceptable urges and/or painful, traumatic
experiences are completely prevented from entering consciousness.
 Suppression — is a conscious activity by which an individual attempts to forget emotionally
disturbing thoughts and experiences by pushing them out of his mind.
 Identification — in this defense mechanism, an individual seeks to overcome his own feelings of
inadequacy, loneliness, or inferiority by taking on the characteristics of someone who is important
to him.
 Defense Mechanism

Among the most common ones used are:

 Reaction formation.— is defined as the development of a trait or traits which are the opposite of
tendencies that we do not want to recognize. The person is motivated to act in a certain way, but
behaves in the opposite way. Consequently, he is able to keep his urges and impulses under
control.
 Denial – When a person uses this mechanism, he refuses to recognize and deal with reality
because of strong inner needs.
 Repression— is an unconscious process where by unacceptable urges and/or painful, traumatic
experiences are completely prevented from entering consciousness.
 Suppression — is a conscious activity by which an individual attempts to forget emotionally
disturbing thoughts and experiences by pushing them out of his mind.
 Identification — in this defense mechanism, an individual seeks to overcome his own feelings of
inadequacy, loneliness, or inferiority by taking on the characteristics of someone who is important
to him.
 Defense Mechanism

Among the most common ones used are:

 Substitution — through this defense mechanism, the individual seeks to overcome feelings of
frustration and anxiety by achieving alternate goals and gratifications.
 Fantasy — this is resulted to whenever unfulfilled ambitions and unconscious drives do not
materialize.
 Regression-- when a person uses this defense mechanism, he reverts to a pattern of feeling,
thinking, or behavior which was appropriate to an earlier stage of development. functions as form
of retreat, enabling a person to psychologically go back in time to a period when the person felt
safer.
 Sublimation — is the process by which instinctual drives, consciously unacceptable are diverted
into personally and socially accepted channels.
Unhealthy Results of Frustration

However, a person is said to be normal and well-adjusted person when he or she exhibits the following
characteristics:
• Some(a) free expression
persons of personality
are incapable of making effective adjustments to their frustration.
• (b) adequate security feelings
• As a(c)
result theycontact
efficient may react
withtoreality
frustration in a random, impulsive, and inadequate manner
• that (d)
does not relievetothem
adoptability groupofnorms
tension, but, in fact increases the maladjustment.
• (e) emotional maturity
• (f) adequate self-knowledge
• (g) integrated and consistent personality
Strategies and Approaches for Handling Different Kinds of Abnormal
Behavior in Relation of Law Enforcement and Criminal Proceeding

Presented below is a table which shows the characteristics of an abnormal behavior and strategies
on how to deal with it.
Negotiation Strategy for
Psychotic
Characteristics Negotiation Strategy
Disorganized Thinking  Do not try to convince them that delusions are wrong; and
 Delusions false belief – often of persecution or grandeur despite evidence to
the contrary.  Allow subject to explain in order to develop honesty, trust, rapport and
 Thoughts spill out in no logical order, leaps from one idea to another. empathy.

 Try to understand; and

 Comments should be specific and clear.

Disturbed Perception
 No sudden movements, watch for expanded space, avoid getting to close or
 Hallucinations –all 5 senses with no known cause.
staring; and

Inappropriate emotions/actions  Offer protection and medication to avoid them from feeling alone.
 Laughs at funerals, cries when others laugh, performs compulsive or
senseless acts e.g. rocking, rubbing , twisting hair.
Strategies and Approaches for Handling Different Kinds of Abnormal
Behavior in Relation of Law Enforcement and Criminal Proceeding

Negotiation Strategy for

Psychotic
Characteristics Negotiation Strategy
Other characteristics • Constant reassurance to address fear.

 Socially withdrawn, aloof. detached:  May have a negative attitude to mental health professionals; and
 Disoriented/confused/paranoid
 Avoid getting the family/clergy as intermediaries.
 Argumentative, suspicious of others, over reacts;

 Acts peculiarly such as collecting rubbish and talking to himself/herself; and

 Belief that his/her body thoughts is controlled by external force.

 
Strategies and Approaches for Handling Different Kinds of Abnormal
Behavior in Relation of Law Enforcement and Criminal Proceeding

Negotiation Strategy for person

with Depressive Mood
Characteristics Negotiation Strategy
 Sadness  Be patient-listen

 Hopelessness  Use of empathy

 Helplessness  Expect honesty about situation

 Unworthy, self-blame (guilt)  Expect ambivalence

 Brooding over past event (tearful)  Discuss real world-here and now

 Sleep/appetite disorder  Find hopes (hooks) – expand options

 Psychomotor reaction retarded.  Beware sudden movements

 May be situational, long term problems.  Caution in use of family/friends as intermediaries.

 
 
Strategies and Approaches for Handling Different Kinds of Abnormal
Behavior in Relation of Law Enforcement and Criminal Proceeding

Negotiation Strategy for person

with Depressive Mood
Characteristics Negotiation Strategy
 Recent loss of ____  Ask about suicides

 Suicidal, but not always  Beware of sudden improvements – may indicate suicide

 Beware of medication usage  Beware suicide by cop

 Self-neglect  Ask about medication

 Difficulty in processing information.  Consider basic human needs

 
 Speak slowly, clearly, repeat and check understanding.
 
Strategies and Approaches for Handling Different Kinds of Abnormal
Behavior in Relation of Law Enforcement and Criminal Proceeding

Negotiation Strategy for

Inadequate

Characteristics Negotiation Strategy

 Low self-esteem, poor achievement history  Allow to ventilate to identify the why/needs

 Poor planner – lacks follow through  Provide understanding and uncritical acceptance

 Probable marital and employment problems  Stay with subject, become significant other – we can work together.

 Chaotic family relationship  Minimize show of force

 Excessive/exorbitant and  Build/inflate ego- help save face

 Changing demands  Once rapport developed – become more directive. 

 Suicide potential high

 
Strategies and Approaches for Handling Different Kinds of Abnormal
Behavior in Relation of Law Enforcement and Criminal Proceeding

Negotiation Strategy for

Inadequate

Characteristics Negotiation Strategy

 Seeks attention/audience  Beware family, friends as intermediary.

 Wants to prove can do something  Potential from sudden surrender.

 May like attention and not want to end incident.  Offer prospect of continued support/attention after incident.
   
Strategies and Approaches for Handling Different Kinds of Abnormal
Behavior in Relation of Law Enforcement and Criminal Proceeding

Negotiation Strategy for Anti-

socials aka Psychopaths/
Sociopaths
Characteristics Negotiation Strategy
No conscience – lacks guilt or remorse, inability to love, no empathy – bully.  Keep ego in mind-they need to feel in charge.


 Selfish, no loyalty  Establish credibility – does not respect compassion.

Manipulative, charmer - likes power/ controlling other  Expect instrumental demands



Sexually experimenting  May respond to deals/sell outs to better their position



Seeks immediate gratification, thrill seeker.  Help save face



Low anxiety, blames others – never their fault  Beware non police intermediaries


 Frustration tolerance low – may turn to his/her for simulation.  Negotiator – need to keep them busy/become source of stimulation.
 
Thank You For Your Cooperation
GOD Speed and Stay Safe
Group: 1 Members
Garlet, Mayfrisevenson C.
Lico, Jorlou Ann S.
Pasolot, Zayra Jane M.
Venida, Jhonly G.

CRIM 103 Powerpoint Presentation