PSDN AND ISDN NETWORK

BY: ERER, IVAN FLOYD C.

PUBLIC SWITCHED DATA NETWORK(PSDN)

• Public Switched Data Network (PSDN) Is a network that providing data

services via a system of multiple wide area networks. It may use a variety of
switching technologies.
SWITCHING TECHNIQUES:

• Circuit switching techniques

• Message switching techniques
• Packet switching techniques: Virtual and Datagram
CIRCUIT SWITCHING

• Is a type of network configuration in which a physical path is obtained and

dedicated to a single connection between two endpoints in the network for
the duration of a dedicated connection.
CIRCUIT SWITCHING

Characteristics:
• Circuit is established between the two ends
• Dedicated path for data to travel from one to the another end
• Resources are reserved at intermediate switches
• The intermediate switches are connected by physical link
CIRCUIT SWITCHING

Advantages:
• Well defines and dedicated path exists for
the data to travel
• No waiting time at any switch
• Data is transmitted without any delay
• Data always reaches the other end in order
• It has fixed bandwidth.
Disadvantages:
• Low volume data requires a lot of
bandwidth
• It is inefficient to use because once
the path is established and no data is
transferred, then the capacity of the
path is wasted.
MESSAGE SWITCHING

• Is a network switching strategy in which data or message is transmitted

entirely from the source to the destination node, one hop at a time.
MESSAGE SWITCHING

Characteristics
• There is no dedicated path to transfer data from sender to receiver.
• The message is only forwarded from hop to hop
• Implies wrapping the entire information in a single message and transferring
it from the source to the destination node
• Also called as Store and Forward Technique
MESSAGE SWITCHING
Advantages:
• More devices can share the channel
• Helpful in reducing traffic congestion as
the message can be stored in the route and
forwarded whenever required
• The size of the message which is sent over
the network can be varied. Therefore, it
supports the data of unlimited size.
Disadvantages:
• requires enough storage at every switch
to accommodate the entire message
during the transmission
• The Long delay can occur due to the
storing and forwarding facility provided
by the message switching technique.
PACKET SWITCHING

• It transmit data across digital networks by breaking it down into blocks or

packets for more efficient transfer using various network devices. This
process is called as packetization
2 TYPES PACKET SWITCHING

• Virtual Circuit Switching (connection-oriented)

• Datagram Switching (connectionless)
VIRTUAL CIRCUIT SWITCHING (CONNECTION-ORIENTED)
• data packets are first assembled and then numbered. They then travel across a predefined route, sequentially.
Address information is not needed in circuit switching, because all packets are sent in sequence.
• It is a packet switching technology in which packet is known as a datagram, is considered as an independent
entity. Each packet contains the information about the destination and switch uses this information to
forward the packet to the correct destination.
• The packets are reassembled at the receiving end in correct order.
• In Datagram Packet Switching technique, the path is not fixed.
• Intermediate nodes take the routing decisions to forward the packets.
• Datagram Packet Switching is also known as connectionless switching.
DATAGRAM SWITCHING (CONNECTIONLESS)
• This classic type of packet switching includes multiple packets, each individually routed.
This means each packet contains complete routing information but it also means different
paths of transmission and out-of-order delivery are possible, depending on the fluctuating
loads on the network’s nodes (adapters, switches and routers) at the moment.
• Each packet in connectionless packet switching includes the following information in its header section:
- Source address
- Destination address
- Total number of packets
- Sequence number (Seq#) for reassembly
- Once the packets reach their destination via various routes, the receiving devices rearrange
them to form the original message.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DATAGRAM AND VIRTUAL CIRCUIT
APPROACH
PACKET SWITCHING
Disadvantages:
Advantages:
• Unsuitable for applications that cannot
• Cost effective, easier to implement afford delays in communication
• Uses lesser bandwidth • Has high installation costs
• It does not take large amount of • Require complex protocols for delivery
space • If the network is overloaded or
corrupted, then it requires retransmission
• If packet is lost you can request for of lost packets. It can also lead to the
new packet loss of critical information if errors are
nor recovered.
INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN)
• ISDN or Integrated Services Digital Network is a circuit-switched telephone
network system that transmits both data and voice over a digital line.
• ISDN connections have a reputation for providing better speeds and higher
quality than traditional connections. Faster speeds and better connections
allow data transmissions to travel more reliably.
• It uses a copper-based system to transmit high-speed data and better voice
quality than analog transmission.
HOW ISDN WORKS?

• Most people use ISDN for high-speed internet when options like DSL or cable modem
connections are not available.
Setting up ISDN is something you’ll want to work on with your Internet Service
Provider (ISP). A lot of the steps can easily be done from your home.
Your ISDN will be plugged in through a traditional 
POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) line that can access both phone numbers at once.
You’ll have to make sure you have a working POTS line and assigned phone numbers to
begin.
ISDN SETUP

The process of setting up ISDN involves:

• Loading the modem driver disk and programming the modem
• Pointing the modem toward the right phone numbers
• Setting your connection speeds for each line
• Directing your modem to dial your ISP (Internet Service Provider) — this phone number
should be provided by your ISP
• If necessary, set your modem for BONDING (the ability to access higher speeds by allowing
your modem to dial both phone numbers at once)
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF ISDNS?
BRI (Basic Rate Interface)
• BRI is made for home and small-scale enterprise use. It consists of two bearer channels (B
channels) and one data channel (D channel) for transmission of data. The B channel carries
data, voice, and other services, while the D channel carries controlling and signaling data.

PRI (Primary Rate Interface)

• PRI lines are a high-capacity service carried on T1 or E1 trunk lines, depending on the country,
between the telecommunications provider's central service station and the customers' end.
The two competing standards make use of both B channels to
access the 128 Kbps throughput and include:

•BONDING (Bandwidth On Demand Interoperability Group) — a set of ISDN

protocols that allow users to use more than one ISDN B channel. This is also
known as multilink, channel aggregation, or load balancing
•Multilink PPP — a method for splitting, recombining, and sequencing data across
multiple links. This is not specific to ISDN and can be applied to other
technologies
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF ISDN?
• Simultaneous connection
• Fast connection
• Faster transmission
• Remove distortion
• Multiple digital services
• Operate Multiple devices
• Symmetrical and consistent transfer rates
WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF ISDN?

• Required external power

• Required unique digital phones
ALTERNATIVES TO ISDN
• VoIP (aka Voice over Internet Protocol), takes audio signals and turns them into digital
transmission data. That data can be sent from point-to-point through the internet.
VoIP is taking the place of traditional telephone system lines. It lets users make phone calls over
the internet without needing a physical telephone line.

There are several ways users can access the benefits of VoIP. Some examples include ATA (
analog telephone terminal adapter), IP Phones, and computer-to-computer connections.
While SIP trunking is similar to cloud phone service, it lacks advanced phone features that many
now expect.
THE BENEFITS OF VOIP

• Cost
• Accessibility
• Control
• Voice Quality
• More Features
A COMPARISON OF ISDN SERVICE AND VOIP
Thank You!!
REFERENCES:

• https://avinetworks.com/glossary/packet-switching/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/circuit-switching-in-computer-network/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/message-switching-techniques/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1agcuObumI
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/differentiate-between-circuit-switching-message-switching-a
nd-packet-switching
• https://www.nextiva.com/blog/what-is-isdn.html