Hydroelectric power plant

Group 8
 Name of Group
Aditya putra agung Samudra Leon Vensi Sevanya Paat
Novely Ilham AL-Chadiry Hendra
Paselo Doga
1 What is hydroelectric power?
1 What is hydroelectric power?
Hydroelectric power plants are generators that rely on the potential and kinetic
energy of water to generate electrical energy. In 2015 hydropower generated 16.6% of
the world's electricity and 70% of all renewable energy,[1] and is expected to increase
by 3.1% per year over the next 25 years.
Hydropower is generated in 150 countries, and the Asia-Pacific region generated 33%
of global hydropower in 2013. China is the largest producer of hydropower (920 TWh
in 2013) accounting for 16.9% of domestic electricity needs.
In many parts of Canada (provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec,
and Newfoundland and Labrador) hydroelectricity is widely used. The power centers
served by these provinces are called BC Hydro, Manitoba Hydro, Hydro One (formerly
"Ontario Hydro"), Hydro-Québec, and Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro. Hydro-
Québec is the world's largest producer of hydro electricity, with a total installed
electricity of 31,512 MW (2005).
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2 history of hydroelectric power

 2 history of hydroelectric power
Hydropower has been used since ancient times to grind grain and perform other tasks. In
the mid-1770s, French engineer Bernard Forest de Bélidor published the Architecture
Hydraulique which describes vertical and horizontal axis hydraulic machines. At the end of
the 19th century, electric generators were developed and today they can be paired with
hydraulics. In 1878, the world's first hydroelectric generator was developed at Cragside,
Northumberland, England by William George Armstrong. The generator was used to power
an arc lamp in his art gallery. Schoelkopf Power Station No. 1 near Niagara Falls in the
United States began to produce electricity in 1881. Edison's first power plant (Vulcan
Street Generator, started operation September 30, 1882 in Appleton, Wisconsin, with an
output of 12.5 kilowatts.

Hydroelectric power plants continued to develop in the 20th century. Hydropower is touted as a clean
coal because of its yield and availability. The Hoover Dam with a 1,345 MW power plant used to be
the largest power plant when it opened in 1936, then the 6809 MW Grand Coulee Dam in 1942.
[ Itaipu Dam with a capacity of 14,000 MW which opened in 1984 in South America was the largest
until 2008, when it was passed by The Tiga Gorge Dam in China has a capacity of 22,500 MW.
Hydropower is the main source of electricity in many countries, such as Norway, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Paraguay and Brazil, up to 85% capacity.
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3 turbine type
3 turbine type

A.) Kaplan turbines, usually used for low plunge heights, below 20 meters. Kaplan
turbine angle resembles the blades of a fan.
B.) Francis turbine, which is the most widely used in Indonesia. This turbine is used
for medium height falls, which is between 20-400 meters. The technique of
converting the potential energy of water into mechanical energy at turbine blades is
carried out through a reaction process so that the Francis turbine is also known as a
reaction turbine.
C.) Pelton turbine, used at a high fall height, which is above 300 meters. The
technique of converting the potential energy of water into mechanical energy at the
turbine blades is carried out through an impulse process so that the Pelton turbine
is also known as an impulse turbine.

Apart from that, there are also cross flow turbines, turgo turbines, hydrodynamic screws/screw
turbines, submersible turbines and the most recent one is the vortex turbine.
4 water turbine selection process
4 water turbine selection process
The selection of the type of turbine is determined based on the advantages and
disadvantages of the types of turbines, especially for a very specific design. In the early
stages, the type of turbine can be calculated by considering the parameters that can
especially affect the turbine operating system, which can be seen as follows :

a. The factor of high effective water flow (Net Head) and water discharge that will be used
for turbine operations must be through the selection of the type of turbine, for example:
Pelton Turbine is effective for operation at high heads, while Propeller Turbine is very
effective for operating at low heads.
b. Desired power factor with available head and discharge.
c. The speed (rotation) of the turbine that will be capped on the generator. As one example:
Reaction turbines (propellers) can reach the desired rotation, while Pelton and Crossflow
turbines rotate very slowly (low speed) which will result in the system not operating
optimally.
5 Application
5 Application
Water turbines are mainly used in power
plants to generate electrical energy. To this
end, river barrages or dams use the
gravitational potential energy of the dammed
water, also known as pressure energy. One
special application is the use in pumped
storage power plants.
Water turbines are turbomachines. They convert the potential
energy of the water into mechanical work. The gravitational
potential energy is fi rst converted into kinetic energy. The
fl owing water is accelerated to as high a speed as possible in
a distributor or a nozzle. The momentum of the fl uid is made
usable as peripheral force by defl ection in a rotor.
THANK YOU
any question boys?
Source :
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/20:53/28 Nov 2022
https://docplayer.info.ac.id/21:03/28 Nov 2022
https://www.gunt.de/21:14/28 Nov 2022
https://indonesiare.co.id/21:22/28 Nov 2022
https://jurnal.unma.ac.id/21:39/28 Nov 2022