DCB40153

AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
TOPIC 2.0 – HEAT LOAD

2.1 CALCULATE THE HEATING AND COOLING LOAD

BY
NORMALA BINTI SULLIAMAN
At the end of this class, students will be able
to:

• Understand what is U-value

• Know how to convert BTU to watt
• Know how to convert watt to BTU
• Calculate building cooling load
 What is a U-value/ U-factor?

• U-value is a measure of heat loss in a building

elements such as a wall, floor or roof.
• It can also be referred to as an ‘overall heat
transfer co-efficient’ and measures how well
parts of a building transfer heat.
Comparison between warm and cold
weather
 The higher of U-value means
the worse of the thermal
performance of the building
envelope. (less insulation)

The lower U-value

indicates the high
levels of insulation.
Example of U-value
 U-value & R-value
• "U" Value has an inverse relationship to "R"
Value.
• For example, a building with material with an
"R" Value of R-11 converts to an "U" Value of
0.09
U-value = 1/R
= 1/11
= 0.09
 What is R-value?
• R-value is a measure of thermal resistance used
in the building 
• It is the ratio of the temperature difference
across an insulator and the heat flux (heat
transfer per unit area per unit time)
• Formula :
Calculate the u-value!!!

U-value/ u-factor R-value

1
2
3
4
5
10
11
15
 Answer

U-value/ u-factor (Thermal conductivity) R-value (thermal resistance)

1.0 1
0.50 2
0.333 3
0.25 4
0.2 5
0.1 10
0.09 11
0.067 15
How to convert BTU/hr to KW@watts
• 3413 BTU/hr = 1 kw
• 3.413 BTU/hr = 1 w

• Example
Convert 20000 BTU/hr to watts:
P(W) = 20000 BTU/hr
3.413
= 5859.92W
How to convert KW@watts to BTU/hr
• 1 kw = 3413 btu/ hr
• 1 w = 3.413 btu/hr

• Example
Convert 5000W to BTUs per hour:
P(BTU/hr) = 3.413 x 5000W
= 17065 BTU/hr
How to convert KW to Horse Power
• 1 kw = 1.34102209
• Example
Convert 600kW to HP:
P(HP) = 600 x 1.34102209
= 804.613 HP
 How to convert Btu to HP
• 1BTU/h = 0.00039HP

• Example
Convert 4500BTU/h to HP
P(HP) = 4500 x 0.00039
= 1.755 HP
 How to calculate heat gain/ heat loss
• Heat gain, Q=A.U.Td
A = area
U = u-value
Td= temperature different between external and
internal (kelvin)

• If the given temperature in °C unit, convert the unit to

kelvin by using formula K=273 + °C

Td = (Te + 273) – (Ti + 273)

 Question 1
From figure 1, Calculate the total cooling load for the building. The data is given below:
Building detail
• Building height : 8 m
• Window size: 5m x 0.9m
• Door size : 0.9m x 1.2m
• Temperature different: 16k
• U-value:
– wall = 2.61
– ceiling = 3.4
– floor = 3.5
– glass window = 3.2
– door = 1.5

• Occupancy: 20 persons light work

• Sensible heat : 220 w per person
• Latent heat : 230 w per person
• Lighting : 150w fluorescent, 20 pcs
• 2 unit computer : 240 w each
Figure 1
Solution
Surface Area (A) U, ,K Q, A x U x

WALL  
- NORTH
- SOUTH
- EAST
- WEST

CEILING

FLOOR

WINDOW

DOOR
Surface Area (A)
Answer 1
U, ,K Q, A x U x
Wall        
• North 50 x 8 – 3(5 x 3) = 355 2.61 16 14 824.80
• South 50 x 8 – 3(5 x 3) =355 2.61 16 14 824.80
• East 80 x 8 – (4 x 1.2) = 635.2 2.61 16 26 525.95
• West 80 x 8 – (4 x 1.2) = 635.2 2.61 16 26 525.95

Total 82 701.50
Ceiling 80 x 50 = 4 000 3.4 16 217 600.00
Floor 80 x 50 = 4 000 3.5 16 224 000.00
Window        
• North 3 (5 x 3) = 45 3.2 16 2 304.00
• South 3 (5 x 3) = 45 3.2 16 2 304.00

Total 4 608.00
Door 2 (4 x 1.2) = 9.6 1.5 16 230.40

Total = 529139.6 @ 520.13 KW

Lighting

Power x no x hrs / 24
= 150 x 20 x 24 / 24
= 3 000.00

Computer
Power x no x hrs / 24
= 240 x 2 x 24 /24
= 480.00

Sensible heat
Power x no of person x hrs/24
220 x 20 x 24 / 24
4 400.00

Latent heat
Power x no of person x hrs/24
230 x 20 x 24 / 24
4 600.00

Total cooling load in watts

= = 529139.6 + 3000 + 480 + 4400 + 4600
= 541 619.90 watts @ 541.619 90 kilowatts
The end