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Free Vibration
of Single-Degree of-Freedom System
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Figure shows a spring-mass system that

represents the simplest possible vibratory
system. It is called a single-degree-of-freedom
system, since one coordinate (x) is sufficient to
specify the position of the mass at any time
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Some models of single

degree of freedom.
https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=MDpHOu8
BF3I
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Free Vibration of an Undamped Translational

System
The procedure we will use
- Determine the static equilibrium configuration
of the system and measure the displacement
of the mass or rigid body from its static
equilibrium position.
- Apply Newton’s second law of motion to the
mass or rigid body.
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Free Vibration of an Undamped Translational

System

Use Newton’s Law or equivalent stiffness

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Equation of Motion Using Other Method

D’Alembert’s Principle
These equations can be considered equilibrium
equations provided that and are treated
as a force and a moment.
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Equation of Motion Using Other Method

Principle of Virtual Displacement

“If a system that is in equilibrium under the action
of a set of forces is subjected to a virtual
displacement, then the total virtual work done by
the forces will be zero”. Here the virtual
displacement is defined as an imaginary
infinitesimal displacement given instantaneously
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Equation of Motion Using Other Method

Principle of Virtual Displacement

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Equation of Motion Using Other Method

Principle of Conservation of Energy

The principle of conservation of energy can be
expressed as:
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Equation of Motion Using Other Method

Lagrange’s equation

Since the qi are independent of each other

where L = T - V is called the Lagrangian

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Equation of Motion Using Other Method

Lagrange’s equation

Since the qi are independent of each other

where L = T - V is called the Lagrangian

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Solve the equation

Usual form
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Solve the equation

Calculating the equivalent damping force

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Solve the problem

Finding the equation of motion
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Solution

Solution of Equation can be found by assuming

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Multiple choice question

1.
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Multiple choice question

2.
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Multiple choice question

3.
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Solution
If amplitude and phase is given

The solution is
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Solution
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Aspects in single degree of freedom

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Problems
A cantilever beam carries a mass M at the free end. A
mass m falls from a height h onto the mass M and
adheres to it without rebounding. Determine the resulting
transverse vibration of the beam
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Problems
Solution
The principle of conservation of momentum

Result
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Free Vibration of an Undamped Torsional System

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Natural Frequency of Compound Pendulum

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Free Vibration with Viscous Damping

Newton’s law yields

the equation of motion.
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Solution

where C1 and C2 are arbitrary constants to be

determined from the initial conditions of the system.
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Solution

Critical Damping Constant and the Damping Ratio

The damping ratio  is defined as the ratio of the

damping constant to the critical damping constant
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Solution

Critical Damping Constant and the Damping Ratio

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Solution
Case 1. Underdamped system

Frequency of damped vibration.

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Solution
Case 1. Underdamped system
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Solution
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Solution
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Comparison of motions with different types of damping

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Comparison of motions with different types of damping

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Logarithmic Decrement

The logarithmic decrement represents the rate at which

the amplitude of a free-damped vibration decreases. It is
defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of any two
successive amplitude.

We can form the ratio

But
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Logarithmic Decrement

Once  is known,  can be found by solving Equation in

previous slide

If << 1

In case Because
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Torsional Systems with Viscous Damping

The viscous damping torque is given by

The equation of motion can be derived as

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Problems
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Problems

where

restitution (r) yields

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Problems
Solve two equation:
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Problems
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The damped period of vibration is given to be 2 s. Hence

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The displacement of the mass

will attain its maximum value at
time given by
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Problems
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Multiple choice question

1.

a. c=1820
b. c=2380
c. c=1800
d. Unknown.
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Multiple choice question

2.

a. c=158.000 Ns/m
b. c=200.000 Ns/m
c. c=175.000 Ns/m
d. Unknown.
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Multiple choice question

3.

a. =0,69
b. =0,72
c. =0,8
d. Unknown.
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Solve the problem below