Chapter 3

SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY

___________ ___ ____ ________

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

______ _____________ _______________
 Chapter 3
SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY
___________ ___ ____ ________

DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

______ _____________ _______________
SUBJECTS OF 1 POPULATION AND SAMPLE
THE STUDY
Subjects of the
Study are solely the 2 SAMPLE SIZE
participants of
your research. In
this chapter, it is
more defined and
3
SAMPLE FRAME
is more
explanatory.
4 SAMPLING METHOD/TECHINQUES
POPULATION & SAMPLE
According to Bhandari (2022),
the population is the entire group
that you want to draw
conclusions about.
POPULATION & SAMPLE
Sample is the specific groups that
you will collect data from. The
size of the sample is always less
than the size of the population.
SAMPLE SIZE
Sample size refers to the
number of participants or
observations included in a
study.
SAMPLE FRAME
According to Villegas (2020), the sampling
frame (also known as the “sample frame” or
“survey frame”) is indeed the actual collection
of units. A sampling frame is a researcher’s list
or device to specify the population of interest.
SAMPLE METHODS/TECHNIQUES

Sampling Methods is used for choosing

the respondents of your study. There are
two kinds of sampling methods. These
are the Probability Sampling and the
Non-Probability Sampling.
 PROBABILITY SAMPLING
In probability sampling, all members of the
population are given the chance of being
selected. This is also called scientific sampling.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
• SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
• STRATIFIED SAMPLING
• CLUSTER SAMPLING
• SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

Every person in the

population has an equal
probability of getting chosen
in a simple random sampling.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

Every person in the population has

a number assigned to them,
however rather than assigning
numbers at random, people are
picked at regular intervals.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
STRATIFIED SAMPLING

It entails breaking the

population up into smaller
groups that might have
significant differences.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
CLUSTER SAMPLING

The population is also

divided into smaller groups
although each smaller group
should share traits with the
larger sample.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING
 NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Non-probability sampling is the process in which the

members of the population do not have the equal
chance of being selected as sample respondents.
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

• CONVENIENT SAMPLING
• SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
• PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
• SNOWBALL SAMPLING
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING

A convenience sample
consists of those who
are easiest to reach by
the researcher.

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
VOLUNTARY RESPONSE SAMPLING

A voluntary response
sample is mostly
determined by accessibility,
much like a convenience
sample.

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
PURPOSIVE SAMPLING

With this kind of sampling, also

known as judgment sampling, the
researcher uses their knowledge to
choose a sample that will be most
helpful to their research goals.

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
SNOWB ALL SA MPLIN G

It can be used to find

participants by recruiting them
through other participants if the
population is difficult to reach.

NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
DATA GATHERING 1 CLASSIFICATIONS OF DATA GATHERING
INSTRUMENTS INSTRUMENTS
These are tools used to FREQUENTLY USED DATA
2
collect, measure, and GATHERING INSTRUMENTS
analyze data related to
your research. In 3
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
research, the instrument RESEARCH QUESTIONS
that you will use to
collect your data will 4
COMMONLY USED SCALES IN A
depend on the research RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
method that you used.
5
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF A
RESEARCH QUESTION
 2 Classifications of Data Gathering Instrument

TRADITIONAL MODERN

In-person Interviews

Mail Surveys

Phone Surveys
Web/Online Surveys Interview
FREQUENTLY USED DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

OBSERVATIONS INTERVIEWS QUESTIONNAIRES

TYPES OF INTERVIEWS

• STRUCTURED
• UNSTRUCTURED
• NON-DIRECTIVE
• FOCUS
• FOCUS GROUP
 STRUCTURED
The Structured Interview
where a formal set of questions
posed to each interviewee and
recorded using a standardized
procedure.
UNSTRUCTURED
A less formal set of
questions; the interviewer
modifies the sequence and
wording of questions.

TYPES OF INTERVIEW
 NON-DIRECTIVE FOCUS
An unguided interview, An emphasis on the
including open-ended interviewees subjective and
questions and use of personal responses where
spontaneous the interviewer engages to
elicit more information.
engagement.

TYPES OF INTERVIEW
 FOCUS
A group of selected
participants are asked about
their opinion or perceptions
concerning a particular
topic.

TYPES OF INTERVIEW
TYPES OF OBSERVATION

• STRUCTURED
• NATURALISTIC
• PARTICIPANT
 STRUCTURED NATURALISTIC PARTICIPANT

The Structured The study of the A variation on natural

Interview where a spontaneous behavior of observations where the
formal set of questions participants in natural researcher joins in and
surroundings. The becomes part of the
posed to each
researcher simply records group they are studying
interviewee and
what they see in whatever to get a deeper insight
recorded using a
way they see it. into their lives.
standardized
procedure.

TYPES OF OBSERVATION
TYPES OF QUESTIONNAIRES

• STRUCTURED
• UNSTRUCTURED
 STRUCTURED UNSTRUCTURED

It provides possible It does not provide

answers and options or choices as the
respondents and respondents are free to
respondents just have give whatever answers
to select from them. they want.

TYPES OF INTERVIEW
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
QUESTIONS
USED IN A
RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Example:
Do Grade 12 students eat breakfast before
attending to their morning classes?

( ) yes ( ) no
RECOGNITION TYPE
Example:
A. Strand __ABM
__HUMSS
__STEM
__GA
COMPLETION TYPE
Example:
In order to submit on time my outputs in Practical
Research 2 subject, I__________
__________________________________________
______________________________________
 CODING TYPE
Example:
On a scale of one (1) to ten (10), how will
you rate the technology skills of your
teacher in online class?
SUBJECTIVE TYPE
Example:

What can you say about the

implementation of distance learning in
your school?
COMMON
SCALES
USED IN A
RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT
LIKERT SCALE
It is designed to measure
people's attitudes, opinions,
or perceptions. It consists
of declarative statements
that express a viewpoint of
the topic.
SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL SCALE
It is a questionnaire rating
scale that asks people to rate a
product, brand, company, or
any entity within the frames
of a multi-point rating option.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
RESEARCH QUESTION
1 Concise but able to elicit
the needed data.
2 Seeks information that cannot be
obtained from other sources.
3
Questions are arranged in sequence
from simple to complex.
4 Questions are arranged according to the
Statement of the Problem.
5 It should have passed
validity and reliability.
LONG QUIZ IN PRR2
char, short quiz lang uy!
Write EURT if the statement is true, and ESLAF if the statement is
false.
_______1. Sample should have a bigger value than the Population.
_______2. A sampling method is the researcher's list or device to specify the
population of interest.
_______3. In Non-probability sampling, all members of the population do not
have the equal chance of being selected as sample respondents.
_______4. Convenience Sampling is also known as Judgement Sampling.
_______5. Data instruments refers to the musical instruments used in gathering
data for research.
CONGRATULATIONS!
" It is important to get results
from experiment but (the)
most important is the process
in getting that results. "

-Prof. Nik
Ahmad